经济型数控车床主运动传动系统设计

XXX学院 毕业论文（设计）

课题名称经济型数控车床主运动传动系统设计 学生姓名XX学号XX 系 部机电工程系 专业年级XX数控X班 指导教师XXX

年 月

经济型立式数控车床主运动传动系统设计

目 录

摘要???????????????????????????????????1 关键词??????????????????????????????????1 Abstract?????????????????????????????????1 Key Words????????????????????????????????1 1. 设计要求?????????????????????????????????2 2. 总体方案的拟定及说明???????????????????????????2

2.1 拟定总体传动方案 ??????????????????????????2 2.2 方案的选择 ?????????????????????????????3 3. 无级变速传动链的设计???????????????????????????3

3.1 求计算转速nj ????????????????????????????3 3.2 无级变速传动链的设计 ????????????????????????3 4. 切削功率的估算及电动机的选择???????????????????????5

4.1 估算切削功率 ????????????????????????????5 4.2 选择电动机 ?????????????????????????????5

4.2.1 初步估算电机所需功率 ?????????????????????5 4.2.2 选择电动机 ??????????????????????????6 4.3 反算各轴传递的功率和恒功率下的最大转矩 ???????????????6 5. 齿轮的设计及校核?????????????????????????????6

5.1 确定设计公用模数的齿轮副 ??????????????????????6 5.2 设计齿轮副z3/z4 ???????????????????????????7

5.2.1 选择齿轮类型，材料???????????????????????7 5.2.2 按齿根弯曲疲劳强度进行设计 ??????????????????7 5.2.3 按齿面接触强度设计 ??????????????????????8 5.2.4 计算几何尺寸 ?????????????????????????9 5.3 校核齿轮副z1/z2（31/78）???????????????????????9

5.3.1 选定齿轮类型、材料???????????????????????9 5.3.2 校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度?????????????????????10 5.3.3 校核齿面接触疲劳强度?????????????????????10 5.3.4 确定几何尺寸?????????????????????????11 5.4 校核其余两对齿轮副?????????????????????????11 5.5 设计锥齿轮副z9/z10（79/79)?????????????????????12

5.5.1 确定齿轮材料?????????????????????????12 5.5.2 按齿根弯曲强度进行设计????????????????????12 5.5.3 按齿面接触强度设计??????????????????????13 5.5.4 计算几何尺寸?????????????????????????13 5.5.5 齿轮的结构??????????????????????????14

6. 轴的设计及校核 ?????????????????????????????14

6.1 主轴的设计?????????????????????????????14

6.1.1 主轴上的功率P主、转速n主min和转矩T主max及其他受力???????14

6.1.2 求恒功率、计算转速下，工件所受的切削力????????????14 6.1.3 求作用在锥齿轮上的力?????????????????????14 6.1.4 初步确定轴的最小直径?????????????????????14 6.1.5 主轴的结构设计????????????????????????15 6.2 主轴的校核???????????????????????????16 6.2.1 求轴上的载荷?????????????????????????16 6.2.2 校核主轴的强度????????????????????????16

7. 轴承的计算 ???????????????????????????????19

7.1 主轴轴承的受力???????????????????????????19

7.1.1 单向推力球轴承的受力?????????????????????19 7.1.2 深沟球轴承的受力???????????????????????19 7.2 求轴承的当量动载荷???????????????????????19 7.2.1 单向推力球轴承的当量动载荷??????????????????19 7.2.2 深沟球轴承的当量动载荷????????????????????19 7.3 校核轴承的寿命???????????????????????????19

7.3.1 校核单向推力球轴承的寿命???????????????????19 7.3.2 校核深沟球轴承的寿命?????????????????????20

8. 键联接的选择及计算 ???????????????????????????20

8.1 各轴上键传递的转矩?????????????????????????20 8.2 验算各轴上键的强度?????????????????????????20

8.2.1 校核主轴上键的强度??????????????????????21 8.2.2 校核轴3上键的强度??????????????????????21 8.2.3 校核轴3上键的强度??????????????????????21

9. 润滑与密封及滑移齿轮的控制 ???????????????????????22

9.1 齿轮的润滑?????????????????????????????22 9.2 轴承的润滑?????????????????????????????22 9.3 滑移齿轮的控制???????????????????????????22 10. 结论??????????????????????????????????22 参考文献 ??????????????????????????????????22

摘 要

本课题采用常规的设计方法，设计一种精度较高、加工范围较大的经济型数控立式车床的主运动传动系统。本设计通过查阅大量相关文献资料，分析了我国数控产业的发展现状与存在的问题，并提出相应的对策。根据设计要求制定总体传动方案，完成传动机构的设计，功率的估算，电机的选择，齿轮的设计及校核，轴的设计及校核，箱体的机构设计等。该系统多采用普通材料和大多数的标准件，具有良好的经济性。我国资源短缺，设计经济型的数控机床能够满足使用要求，也符合我国国情，有很好的应用前景。

关键词

立式数控车床；主运动传动系统；变速传动链；齿轮的设计；主轴的设计

Main Movement Drive System Design for Economical

Vertical CNC Lathe

Abstract

Conventional design methods are taken advantage of to design a main movement drive system with high precision, large range of processing for economical vertical CNC lathe. A large number of relevant documents are consulted and the current situation and problems in the development of numerical technology are analyzed in the design which has proposed appropriate countermeasures. According to the design requirements, overall transmission programme are made, the design of drive mechanism, estimation of power, option of electric motors, design of gears and shaft, check of the strength security on gears and shafts, etc. are finished in the design.The system mainly adopts ordinary materials and standard components, which have the characteristic of economical quality. For our country is lack of resources, economical type of CNC lathe designed can meet the needs in use and also can be in line with China's national conditions, which will have broad prospects for use.

Key Words

vertical CNC lathe; main movement drive system; transmission chain for shift; design of gears; design of spindle