1．名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(主动表被动) (江苏卷)Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 因为在桌前久坐，办公室工作人员一般都被健康问题所困扰。
Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
2．with/without＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语(现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语)
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 有许多的难题要解决，这位新选的总统正过着一段艰难的日子。
(安徽卷)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到了一张宴会的请柬，由于作业做完了，他很乐意地接受了。
(北京卷)I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on. 噪音不绝于耳，我没法做作业。
非谓语动词作定语 (一)不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。
(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch. 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。 ■名师点津
不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
2．序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。注意：该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
(辽宁卷)And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
(湖南卷)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力
与观点本身同等重要。
■名师点津
不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go swimming with you. 我有一封信(需要我)要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳了。 I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me?
我有一封信想(让别人替我)寄出去，你能帮我一下吗？ (二)分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.
大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人事务上取得成功。
(北京卷)Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
2．作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves fallen leaves ■名师点津
非谓语动词作定语的解题思路
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：
①Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.
在落下的叶子(表正在进行) 叶(表完成)
②The bridge built in 2019 was designed by a local company. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.
非谓语动词作宾语
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage, care, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, help (2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help (to) shape your year ahead.
在年底对成功和失败进行快速的回顾会有助于你下一年的发展。 ■名师点津
(1)此外afford, happen(碰巧), wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
(2)动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, delay/put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/ appreciate forbid/avoid, imagine, risk；can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。 ■名师点津
allow, permit, forbid, advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补。即allow/permit/forbid/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做……；try doing 试着去做……；(2)mean to do打算做……；mean doing 意味着……；(3)regret to do遗憾要去做……；regret doing后悔做过……；(4)remember to do 记得去做……；remember doing记得
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 做过……；(5)forget to do忘记去做……；forget doing 忘记做了……
(陕西卷)I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，还有我在那里所看到的一切。
(安徽卷)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。 ■名师点津
动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.(clean与the window之间存在动宾关系) He needs to leave at once.(leave与he之间不存在动宾关系)
4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。常见的含有介词的动词短语：be/get used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于……), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)等。此外，介词后跟动名词的结构：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；have fun (in) doing sth.
(陕西卷)It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
(浙江卷)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students. 我现在与学生们打交道和我过去航海一样开心。 ■名师点津
(1)当非谓语动词位于介词but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。
We had no choice but to wait. 我们除了等待之外别无选择。 I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意，什么都做不了。
(2)but后总跟省略不定式符号to的短语：do nothing but...只能……； cannot help but...禁不住……；cannot but...不得不……；cannot choose but...只得……
非谓语动词作宾补 (一)不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
(山东卷)If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
(江西卷)Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
完成她的项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。 ■名师点津
(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
(江西卷)He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。 (3)有些动词，如hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand等后不能用不定式作补语。 (二)分词作宾补
1．现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
(湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ ■名师点津
catch sb. doing sth.意为“撞见某人正在做某事”。
2．过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken.
相关推荐：
loading