人教版高中英语选修8
Period Three Learning about Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An average 30yearold person who has eaten three meals a day since birth has eaten more than 30,000 meals to date.Even if you’ve only eaten half that much you have to admit this：you’ve let some of that breakfast，lunch or dinner go to waste.And it turns out we’re all to blame for this shaming fact：30%of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost.That’s about 1.3 billion tons，according to a new report by the U．N.Food and Agriculture Organization.
That’s the weight of more than 8.6 million fullgrown blue whales，the largest creatures on earth.That’s the weight of more than 2.3 million Airbus A380s，the largest planes in existence.That’s as if each person in China，the world’s most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people，had one ton mass of food they could just throw into the dustbin.It’s almost unfathomable，isn’t it?
Setting aside that big number，we find the people with the most money are the ones who waste the most.Per capita (人均)，European and North American countries waste between 95 and 115 kilograms of food.SubSaharan African，South Asian and Southeast Asian countries waste much，much less—between 6 and 11 kilograms per person.
Here’s another statistic：all the food that the world’s richest countries waste is about equal to all the food that sub
Saharan Africa produces.The numbers：222 million tons and 230 million
tons，respectively(分别地)．Basically，the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.And these numbers come as we’ve just been reporting about rising food prices around the world in the past week.
And my own personal tip：if I eat at a restaurant and can’t finish it all，I ask for a doggie bag.I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.There’s no reason to waste food.It’s up to all of us to use our common sense to eat and shop just a bit more wisely.
1．According to the U．N.Food and Agriculture Organization，how much food do people produce each year in the world? A．About 3.3 billion tons. B．About 3.9 billion tons.
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人教版高中英语选修8 C．About 4.3 billion tons. D．About 5.6 billion tons. 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话可知，每年全球生产的所有食物中，30%被浪费或丢失，约有13亿吨，由此可以计算出每年的食物产量为13亿吨÷30%≈43亿吨。 2．What does the underlined word “unfathomable” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Possible to imagine. B．Impossible to change. C．Impossible to understand. D．Possible to understand. 答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段的叙述可知：每年浪费的食物的重量超过了860万头地球上最大的动物蓝鲸的重量，也超过了230万架世界上现有的最大的飞机A380空中客车的重量。这也好比在世界拥有超过13亿人的人口最多的中国，人均向垃圾桶里倾倒一吨的食物。由此可推知这种现象使人难以理解。unfathomable意为“难以理解的”。 3．It can be learned that the food the rich waste can support . A．half the people in Europe B．most people of America C．most people of Asia D．most people of Africa 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Basically，the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.”可推知，富有的国家浪费的食物可以养活非洲大陆大部分地区的人。
4．The author gave his personal tip based on the fact that . A．he was once very poor B．he was once a farmer C．he once worked in a restaurant D．the price of food is very high 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.”可知，作者的建议是根据他曾是一个餐馆服务员的工作经历而给出的。
B
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人教版高中英语选修8
It is reported that Japan’s Nissan Motor Company has officially announced the next big thing—a paint that not only resists scratches，but actually repairs itself within a few days.
The new material，developed by Nippon Paint Company，contains a special chemical like rubber that is able to heal small marks caused by car wash equipment，parking lot encounters，broken stones or even on-purpose destruction.
The automaker admits its results vary depending on the temperature and the depth of the damage，but he also says that this is the only paint like it in the world，and tests prove it works.
Small scratches，the most common type，are said to slowly fade over about a week.And once they’re gone，there is no mark left where they ever were.
The special paint is said to last for at least three years after it is first applied，but there is no word yet on whether more can be added after that period.
Nissan says car washes are the worst ones that are to blame for this type of damage.At least 80 percent of all incidents are caused by washing cars.
However，the special paint doesn’t come cheap，and will add about $100 to the price of a car. It plans to use its new chemical mixture only on its X-Trail SUVs in Japan for now.And while plans to offer the paint overseas haven’t been made yet，if it’s a hit in Japan，you can be almost sure market forces will drive it to other countries，as well. 5．From the article，we can find that . A．the paint has already been used on ears by now B．it beats other products of its kind in its lasting effect C．car damage is always caused by scratches D．marketing this paint in Europe is not under way 答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“And while plans to offer the paint overseas haven’t been made yet，if it’s a hit in Japan，you can be almost sure market forces will drive it to other countries，as well.”可知D项正确。 6．The paint used on cars can . A．at most last 3 years before it is re-applied again B．fade away in only one or two days C．help to protect cars from light paint damage D．reduce car scratches incidents to 80 percent 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...a paint that not only resists scratches，but actually repairs itself within a few days.”可知C项正确。此外，第二段和第四段中均涉及这种汽车漆的功能。
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人教版高中英语选修8
7．What does the underlined part “X-Trail SUVs” (in paragraph 8) refer to? A．Certain models of Nissan. B．Name for one kind of paint. C．Somewhere in Japan.
D．A word standing for a car factory. 答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据全文语境可知中心话题是新型汽车油漆，因此必定会用在汽车上，再结合文章第一段、第六段及第八段内容可推断出画线部分是日产的汽车品牌，故A项正确。 8．What can be inferred from the article?
A．The paint was developed by Nissan Motor Company. B．Weather has an effect on the result of applying the paint. C．The mark on the car could disappear once the paint is applied. D．The paint is popular in Japan and many foreign countries. 答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段“The automaker admits its results vary depending on the temperature and the depth of the damage...”可知B项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空
It is a HUGE city，with more people living in it than in my whole country.I’m a stranger in the city and I can’t afford to buy my own room so I 1 a flat in a gated community.But to my 2 ，there was a favela(贫民区) quite near.
For several months I didn’t have a car 3 three times a week，I had to use public transportation to go to the city centre. 4 these trips，I would ride with the people who took the same bus from the favela to go to work.When I got on the bus，all the seats were already 5 .When people saw that my bag was heavy so they 6 to hold it in their lap，to make me feel 7 standing.At first，I felt 8 because I thought he may steal from me.Then I realized these people had absolutely no that 9 ：they only wanted to give me a 10 .
Once，on my way back，I had to wait for a long time at a bus stop.I was 11 ，except for a woman who was 12 and was apparently very poor.She carried a small paper bag of popcorn and nothing else.While we were waiting，she walked over and offered me some popcorn.I thanked her，but didn’t want to 13 myself to it.She then repeatedly 14 that I take from what was evidently her only food.
That was the first time I thought about 15 people who have almost nothing，are sometimes able to 16 the little they have so much more “easily” than those who own a lot.I wonder if it’s true that the more you have，the bigger the 17 to share anything with others is. 4
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