⑷表示因果关系的并列连词有：for(因为),so(所以),例如：He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.
⑸引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。
After they had planted their crops, they took a rest. We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us. As soon as he gets to Beijing, he’ll call me.
① when, while, as都表示“当……时”,when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词,可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,侧重主从句动作同时发生。as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主从句动作同时发生,强调“一边……一边”。例如：
When I came in, my father was cooking. I came in when/while my father was cooking. He sang as he walked.
②until用法：当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都用肯定式,译为“直到……为止”；当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,即not…..until, 译为“直到……才”。例如：
Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来) Mr. Green didn’t go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉)
⑹引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if(如果), unless(除非,如果……不)等。例如：
If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.=Unless you go soon, you’ll be late. ⑺引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, therefore等。
because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because,其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强,引导的从句常置于句首；for是并列连词,语气最弱,对前面分句加以解释或补充说明,其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。例如：
I think, therefore I exist. 我思故我在。
As it was raining, we went there by bus./Since everybody is here, let’s begin./It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 注：because与 so不能同时使用。
⑻引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although/though(虽然,尽管), even though/if (即使)。例如：
Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich. Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him. 注：although/though 引导的从句不能与but连用,但可与yet, still连用。
⑼引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that,so as to,in order to和in order that(以便,为了)等。
The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly. ⑽引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that(结果是)和so/such…that…(如此…以至于)等。
例如：
It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze./It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.
⑾引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：as…as…(与……一样),not as/so… as…(不及,赶不上),和than(比)等。
I know you better than she does./He works as carefully as she./I can’t run as/so fast as you.
⑿引导名词性从句的从属连词有：that和if/whether(是否)等。例如：
We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)/I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句)
Whether he’ll go there hasn’t been decided.(主语从句)
注：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。例如：
I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow. 注：so与such的比较
such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。 so so + adj. 用法 so + adj. + a(n) + so + adj. + n. so + adj. + n. (不n. such such + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) (pl.) such +n. (pl.) 可数) such +n.(不可数)
注：so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。so…that与such…that之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。
附：阅读中需熟练掌握的连接词
熟练掌握以下连接词与连接语,就能充分把握住作者的意图和考题的出题思路,所以希望考生能对之要牢记在心。了解了这些连接词与连接语的不同功能后,相信你一定会在阅读理解上有所收获。一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类：
⑴表明事件发生的时间顺序：then, first, at once, next,after that, previously, while, when, the following day, etc. ⑵表明文章的组织结构：
1)Listing： firstly, in the first place,secondly, thirdly, my next point is,last/finally, etc. 2)Illustrating： for example/ for instance, to illustrate, an example/ instance of this is,let’s take….., take…. for example, etc.
3)Re-stating： in other words, that is to say,to put it another way, let me put it this way,or rather, namely, etc.
4)Referring： in this respect, in that connection, as we said, apart from this, etc. 5)Resuming： to resume, to return to the previous point, getting back to the argument,etc.
6)Summarizing： to sum up, in short, it amounts to this, what I have been saying is this, etc.
7)Emphasizing： it is worth noting, I would like to direct your attention to, let us
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