误：Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day. 正：Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
析：有的同学只知道用that指代前面的单数或不可数名词，用those指代复数名词。殊不知，此句中Few pleasures和a cool drink这种乐趣相比，因此应该看成单数概念。
3. 他从上一星期二一直病着。
误：He has been ill from last Tuesday. 正：He has been ill since last Tuesday.
析：有的同学认为“从?”译为from, 如：从7点到9点from7 to 9;从家到学校from home to school. 但在现在完成式中却用since.
4. 那个丢失的孩子最后一次被看见在河边玩。
误：The missing boy was last seen to play near the river. 正：The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
析：有的同学只记得：在主动语态中感官动词后面不带to,而变为被动语态时则必须带to. 因此没有具体分析，此句是考查感官动词后接现在分词表示动态情景。“看见某人正在做某事”译为see sb. doing sth.,变为被动语态为sb. is seen doing sth.
5. 他很少上学迟到，如果有的话，也很少。 误：He is seldom, if any , late for school. 正：He is seldom, if ever, late for school.
析：有的同学知道any用于if引导的条件状语从句中，但此句是一个省略句，完整的句子为He is seldom, if he has ever been , late for school. 用if ever表示如果曾经迟到过的话。
6. 他把雨伞忘在火车上了。
误：He has forgot his umbrella on the train. 正：He has left his umbrella on the train.
析：“遗忘”译为forget 或leave.但二者是由区别的：leave 多于表示场所的地点状语连用，而forget 通常不与表场所的地点状语连用。外出时把东西忘记在家里的时候通常用forget. 如：“我忘了带驾驶证”译为I’ve forgot the driver’s license.
五、结构误配型
有的同学在写作时，常常把一些固定词组、习惯用语和固定句型错误搭配，结果写出来的句子让人看不懂。
1. 你愿意帮我忙吗?
误：Will you give me a favour? 正：Will you do me a favour?
析：“帮某人一个忙”、“给某人恩惠”应是do sb. a favour. 2. 在回家的路上，史密斯夫人的钱包被抢了。
误：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed from her on her way home. 正：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was stolen from her on her way home. 正：Mrs. Smith’s wallet was robbed of her on her way home.
析：“抢某人某物”译为steal +某物+from+某人或场所，或rob+人或场所+of +某物。 3. 你认为工程师的演讲怎么样?
误：How do you think of the speech made by the engineer? 正：What do you think of the speech made by the engineer?
析：本句的错误在于有同学对what ?think of的结构概念模糊加上母语的干扰而造成的。What在这一结构中作think的宾语。what do you think of?还可以说How do you like?? How在句子中是疑问副词，作状语。
4. 这个问题很难懂。
误：The question is hard to be understood. 正：The question is hard to understand.
析：在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”的句式结构中，主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。又如：The man is hard to work with.其中，与不定式习惯搭配或根据表达需要的介词不能省略。
5. 她有如此好的一位父亲，以致于我们都很羡慕她。 误：She has a so good father that we all admire her. 正：She has so good a father that we all admire her. 正：She has such a good father that we all admire her.
析：so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，常用于so+ adj. / adv.+ that?句型中，表示“如此?以致于”。在单数可数名词前可用so+ adj.+ a+名词+that?句型，相当于such +a +adj. + 单数名词+ that结构。
6. 他可不是那种先想到自己后想到别人的人。
误：It’s not like him of thinking of himself before thinking of others. 正：It’s not like him to think of himself before thinking of others.
析：表示“某人(恰恰)就是?这个样子”，用It’s (just) like sb. to do sth.说明赞成或不满。若用否定式则表示怀疑。
六、句型混乱型
有的同学对句型掌握得不牢固，对相似句型分析不透彻，用起来易于混淆，造成错句。 1. 他不可能通过考试。
误：It is impossible of him to pass the exam. 正：It is impossible for him to pass the exam.
析：这是一个没有区别清楚It is + adj.+ of +sb. to do sth.与It is + adj.+ for +sb. to do sth. 两句型的典型错误。如果句中的形容词与某人之间存在逻辑关系时，用of以说明其本身所具有的特点。如：It is very kind of you to say so.(可以说：You are very kind); 如果句中的形容词与某人之间不存在逻辑关系则使用for.如：It is important for us to learn English well.(不能说：We are important.)
2. 他去巴黎了。
误：He has been to Paris. 正：He has gone to Paris.
析：have been 表示某人去过某地，现在不在那里；has gone 表示某人到某地去了，现在不在这里。
3. 这是我有生以来第一次搭乘飞机。
误：This is the first time I took an airplane in my life. 正：This is the first time I have taken an airplane in my life.
析：This is the first time后面的从句应该用现在完成时，而It is time that后面的句子用一般过去时。如：该是上床睡觉的时间了。译为It’s time that we went to bed.
4. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。
误：He expressed the hope which he would come over to visit China again. 正：He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
析：误句是把同位语从句和定语从句混用。在同位语从句中，连词that不做句子成分，也无实际意义，只是用来引导同位语从句说明主句的内容。在定语从句中that或which一方面替代先行词，一方面引导从句而且必须在定语从句中充当主语或宾语等成分。
5. 我昨天晚上直到10点才做完作业。
误：It was not until 10o’clock last night when I finished my homework.
正：It was not until 10o’clock last night that I finished my homework.
析：强调句与定语从句混用。“It +be的一定形式+被强调成分+ that / who +陈述句”构成强调句结构，如果被强调的是人则用that或who，其它用that. That或who不做成分也无实际意义。而定语从句中的when替代表示时间的先行词且在定语从句中做时间状语。
6. 过了大门你就会找到动物园的入口 。
误：Go through the gate, you’ll find the entrance of the zoo. 正：Go through the gate, and you’ll find the entrance to the zoo. 正：If you go through the gate, you’ll find the entrance to the zoo.
析：误句中前后两部分无连接词，使整个句子不伦不类，既不是复合句也不是并列句。所以应该或者用if引导条件状语从句构成复合句，或者用and连结构成并列句。下面的构成也是错误的：If you go through the gate, and you’ll find the entrance to the zoo.另外，表示“?的入口”用介词to。
七、规则硬套型
1. 站在门口的那个人是谁?
误：Who is the man who was standing at the door? 正：Who is the man that was standing at the door?
析：当先行词指人时，引导定语从句的关系代词用who或that。有的同学套用这个规则，结果写出误句。当主句中有who, which 以及指示代词that, those时，后面定语从句中的关系代词应避免与主句的同形。因此,本句中引导定语从句的关系代词应为that。
2. 你做得越早越好。
误：The more sooner you will do it, the more better it will be. 正：The sooner you do it, the better it will be.
析：表示“越?越?”，用比较级句型the more? the more.其中more代表形容词或副词的比较级，而不能死搬硬套。另外，此句型前半部分是比较状语从句，后一个是主句。主句是一般将来时态时，从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。
3. 我不喜欢游泳，他也是。
误：I don’t like swimming, so does he.
正：I don’t like swimming, neither / nor does he.
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