中考英语专项复习(代词)

中考英语专项复习（代词）

代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词，因此代词在句子中的功能和名词一样，可作主语、宾语和表语，有些代词还可修饰名词。

英语代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词、相互代词等九种。

现把学过的六种代词介绍如下：

代 词 第一人称 人称代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 单 复 数 数 第二人称 you you your yours yourself 第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it his, her, its his, hers, its himself, herself, itself 第一人称 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 they them their theirs themselves I me my mine myself 物主代词 反 身 代 词 指 示 代 词 可数 不可数 不定代词 可数、不可数 复合不定代词 疑 问 代 词 this, that much, (a) little all, some, none, such, any, other these, those each, one, many, (a)few, both, another, either, neither anybody(one, thing), somebody(one, thing), nobody(thing), everybody(one, thing) who, whom, whose, which, what

1．人称代词

表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”“它”“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的排列有以下几种； ①我、你、他

第二人称→第三人称→第一人称 即：you，he and I ②她和老师

名词→人称代词 即：the teacher and she ③我、他和一些别的人

人称代词→其他代词 即： he，I and some others ④第三人称两性（性别）并用时，如：他和她；即：he and she

2．物主代词

物主代词表示所有关系，分为形容词性和名词性两种，形容词性物主代词作定语，名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。形容词性物主代词后要跟名词。名词性物主代词可以单独使用，其作用相当于一个形容词加上一个名词。物主代词有人称和数的区别。

例：This is my dictionary．Yours (=Your dictionary) is on the desk．

一Is this your classroom?

—No．It's theirs(=their classroom)．

3．反身代词

表示动词所表达的动作反回到施动者本身，一般是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格加上self (复数selves) 构成，起强调作用，反身代词可作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等。 例如：Please help yourself to some fish．(作动词宾语)

He thinks more of himself than“others．(作介词宾语) I myself did it．（作同位语）

I spoke to the manager himself．（作同位语） 注：反身代词常接在动词enjoy, hurt, help等词后。

4．指示代词

指示代词是将所指事物与同类中的其他事物区分开来的一种代词。表示：“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念。指示代词在句中相当于名词、形容词的作用，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。

例如：This(That) is what I want to say．(作主语)

We should always keep this(these) in mind．（作宾语） For these(those) reasons，I was late．（作定语） The reason is this．（作表语）

5．不定代词

不定代词用来代替或修饰任何不定数量和不定范围的人和事物。不定代词可代替名词或形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。下面举例说明： ①some和any

some(一些)、any(一些、任何)修饰可数名词和不可数名词。some用在肯定句中，any多用于疑问句和否定句中。

例如：There are some books in the desk．

There are not any books in the desk． Have you any money?

注意：some可用于表示邀请、请求的疑问句或用于说话者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，any有时也用于肯定句，表示“任何的”“任何一个”“任何一些”等。 例如：—Would you like some tea? （希望对方肯定回答） —Yes, thank you.

—Could I ask you some questions? （希望对方肯定回答） —Of course, you can.

You can ask me any questions.（任何问题） ②little、a little、few、a few

little、a little修饰不可数名词，few、a few修旆可数名词；a little、a few表示肯定的概念，即：尽管少但“有”；few、little表示否定的概念，表示“没有”。 例如：There is a little water in the river. You can walk across it. There is little water in the river. You have to swim across it. He has few friends, so he often feels lonely.

I have a few friends in America．I often write to them.

③each、every、everybody、everyone、everything。

each相当于名词和形容词，用作定语或单独使用作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等。every不可单独使用，它必须放在名词等前，只能作定语。 each与every的区别：

1)each侧重于单个，every侧重于全体 、整体。

2)each用于二者或二者以上，every用于三者或三者以上。 everybody与everyone相同，意思是“每人、人人”。 everything意思是“一切”“每件事”。

例如：Two boys came into the classroom．Each wore a red coat. Every student has a new book．

Everybody knows this thing．(don’t they?) Everything goes well．(doesn’t it?)

(把上面两个句子改为反意疑问句，注意用什么代词代替everybody, everything) ④ both、either、neither

both、either、neither都与“两个”有关。

both “(两者)都---”\全”，指两个人或事物，可作主语、宾语、定语。 例如：Both books are good．

There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.

either (两个中间的)任何一个，这个或那个”，可作主、宾、定语。 例如：There are two books. You may take either of them． —Would you like a cup of tea or coffee? —Either is OK.

neither “(两者之间) 一个也不---”，neither是either的否定形式，可作主语、宾语、定语。 例如：Neither of them knows Japanese． Either Li or Wang knows English． ⑤none、no、nobody、no one、nothing

none、no、nobody、no one、nothing都与“无”有关。

none用于指人或物，可与of短语连用，用作单数或复数，而且常用于习语中。

nothing“没有东西；没有什么 (=not anything)”，若作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：—Is there nothing in the box? —No. It's empty．

一How many elephants did you see there? —None．

—What did you see in the zoo yesterday? —Nothing.

注意：以上两句中的答句None, Nothing不可相互替代。

no表示“没有(任何的)---”，等于not any--- 或 not a(an)---。 例如： He has no money．（= He has not any money.）

We have no lessons on Sundays. (= We have not any lessons on Sundays.) She has no brother. (= She has not a brother.)

nobody或no one后不可接of短语来表示“某些人当中”； ⑥a11

a11作形容词且与名词连用时，名词前需加the或one's，即：all the(one’s) + 名词。 例如：I will teach English all my life．

All the people are here．

当all代替可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数；当all代替不可数名词作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例：All are here．Let’s begin our meeting. (all代替所有参加会议的人) All is well that ends well.（all代替所有事情） ⑦other、the other、others 、the others、another the other指两者中的另外一个。

例：He has two pens，one is blue，the other is yellow．

other + 复数名词 = others相同，泛指其他的人或物。

例：Some students are carrying water，others(other students) are watering the trees． the other + 复数名词 = the others ，特指一定范围内的其他人或物。

例：There are fifty students in Miss Gao’s class, twenty students are boys, the others are girls． the other + 数词，指剩余的数目。

例：He bought three pencils，one is for me，the other two are for him．

another + 单数名词或another + 数词+复数名词。表示在原来基础上再来一个或一些。 例：I don't like the color of this bag. May I have a look at another one． May I have another three books?

6．疑问代词

疑问代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等。 ①who和what

who问姓名，what问职业。

例：—Who is he? —He is Smith．

—What's your father? —He is a worker． ②what和which

which表示在一定数目(或范围)之内的选择，某某范围内的“哪一个”“哪一些”；what则没有这种限制。

例：What do you usually have for lunch? 你通常午餐吃什么？

Which do you prefer，apple or pear? 苹果和梨，你喜欢哪一个？ Which of you comes from Beijing? 你们当中哪一个来自北京？ ③whom和whose

whom作宾语，whose作定语。 例：With whom is she talking now? Whose book is on the desk?

典型错句分析

1. — Is there any one in the classroom? —None.

[解析] None → No one 。none是对 all, 即三个以上的否暄，后面常接带 of的短语。而 no one代表单数名词，意为“没有一个人”，不能与 of连用。 2. The bird builds its nest in the tree.

[解析]it’s → its。 it’s是 it is或 it has的省略形式，而its则是物主代词“它的”，意义不同，不能混淆。 3. I like none of the two novels.

none → neither。对两者both否定应为neither。

4. Do you think the TV sets made in Shanghai are better than ones made in Beijing are?

[解析]ones → those 。one, ones和 that, those 皆可代替前面的名词，避免重复但one, ones要求有代词或形容词之类的前置定语；that , those则要求有介词短语、分词短语或从句一类的后置定语。 例：—What kind of ice-cream would you like? —A big pink one.

The days in summer are longer than those in winter. 典型错句解析

1. –Is there any one in the classroom? –None.

[解析]None → No one。None是对all，即三个以上的否定，后面通常接带of的短语。而no one代表单数名词，意为“没有一个人”，不能与of连用。 2. The bird builds its nest in the tree.

[解析] it’s → its是it is或it has的省略形式，而its则是物主代词“它的”，意义不同，不能混淆。 3. I like none of the two novels.

[解析] none → neither.对两者both否定应为neither。

代词练习

A)人称代词

( )1. Is this picture ________ ? A. my B. her C. yours D. our ( )2. Some of ________ are Young Pioneers. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves ( )3. A friend of ________ came here yesterday. A. my B. his C. her D. your ( )4. I saw ________ in the street yesterday afternoon. A. he B. his C. him D. himself ( )6. Mary decided to do the work ________. A. she B. hers C. herself D. himself ( )9. Whose pencil-box is this ? It’s ________. A. he B. his C. him D. he’s

( )11. She told ________ a friend of ________ would go to America. A. him; her B. his; hers C. him; hers D. he; she’s

( )12. ________ pencil-box is beautiful. But ________ is more beautiful than ________.

A. Tom’s; my; he B. Tom’s; mine; his C. Toms; mine; him D. Tom’s; my; his ( )13. Most of ________ want to do the work ________. A. us; ourselves B. us; ours C. we; ourselves D. ours; ourselves ( )14. Whose exercise-books are these? They are ________. A. their B. theirs C. them D. their’s ( )15. Did the children enjoy ________ last Sunday? A. them B. themselves C. himself D. themselves ( )16. Don’t tell me the answer. I’ll work out the problem ________ . A. by me B. myself C. my self D. me ( )17. Help ________to some meat, please. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours

( )18. Lei Feng was always ready to help others. He never thought of ________ .