Unit 1 Cultural relics
(建议用时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·沈阳高三质检)Bikes were invented when people felt the need for stable, fast and efficient vehicles. The idea of making a bike started in the 1790s. It was inspired by a toy.
In 1792, it started off as a two-wheeled part attached to a rigid wooden frame. People would use their feet to move the bike. However, it wasn’t really what people were looking for with a lot of faults. It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy, and the other problem was the poor stability. The front wheel could not turn so one had to get off the bike to turn it. Therefore, there was a need for it to be improved, but it was not the same person who created it that changed it.
In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist. Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured. But one still had to move it by pushing it by feet on the ground. If one wanted to ride this bike, which was called a “hobby horse” at that time, he should know how to keep his balance. The other impressive thing that had changed was the speed, which increased up to 15 kilometers per hour.
Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today. This was invented by a blacksmith who used the idea of a pivot(枢轴) to develop the bike. It did not stop there. People were never satisfied with it because times also did change. As other things were being improved, so were the bikes.
Now with everything in place, there is a need to improve on the speed of these bikes. And the idea of it being only human-powered is out of date. Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程及现状。 1．What was one of the problems with the first bicycle? A．It was regarded as a toy. B．It had too many wheels.
C．It had to be operated with efforts. D．It was too stable to turn the wheel.
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C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“People would use their feet to move the bike.”和“It was a kind of transport highly demanding human energy”可知，最初的自行车需要费很大的力气才能使它运转，故选C。
2．What can we know about the bike from the text? A．The bike popular with us today appeared in about 1830. B．The bike was invented and improved by the same person. C．The bike made in 1820 had to be moved forward by hand. D．The bike was called a “hobby horse” when it first appeared.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In 1820 the bike yet again had a new twist.”和第四段第一句“Ten years later, there came the bike popular even today.”可知，至今仍受欢迎的自行车大约出现于1830年。
3．What remains similar in modern bikes compared with those in history? A．The structure. C．The safety.
B．The speed. D．The weight.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Today bikes have been improved and remodeled but the resemblance to the original bikes is still there.”可知，现在的自行车和历史上的自行车在结构上仍然相似。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Development of Bikes B．The Invention of Bikes C．The Impressions on Bikes D．The Problems with Bikes
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是文中的“The idea of making a bike started in 1790s.” “In 1792” “In 1820” “Ten years later” “Today”等信息点可知，这篇文章主要介绍了自行车的历史发展过程。
【难句分析】 Not only could the front wheel turn, but it was made more comfortable as a back supporter was secured.
分析：本句含有“not only...but(also)．..”句型，意为“不但……而且……”，其中Not only置于句首，其所属的分句要部分倒装。
译文：不但前轮能转动，而且固定了后支架，使其更舒服。
B
(2020·合肥高三质检)Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier
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Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee(WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale(规模) and visual effects in and around the property(地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all-round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
【解题导语】 本文通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
5．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1? A．To explain the goal of the organization. B．To encourage the public to protect the world. C．To show the positive effect of conservation. D．To remind people of the environmental problems.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第二句所列举的例子是在证明这个观点，故选C。
6．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project?
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A．Because it took up too much public land of the city.
B．Because it had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna. C．Because its original designs were not environmentally friendly. D．Because its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna...launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.”可知，WHC之所以对Wien Mitte项目担忧是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。
7．What did the global discussion focus on?
A．The ways to combine conservation and development. B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation. C．The international urban management and development. D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是详述遗产保护和发展的方法。
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners. B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment. C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory. D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development.”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对遗产的有效保护和可持续发展。A项错在是为了检验全球城市规划者所面临的挑战，这只是其中例子所体现的问题，而非作者所表达的关键所在；B项错在为了引进保护环境的其他方法，文中未提及；C项错在为了强调历史和记忆价值的重要性，与主题无关，故排除。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·合肥高三质检)A movie about Mount Qomolangma I saw on a flight inspired me to climb mountains. When I saw the climbers got __1__ in a storm there, I immediately knew I had to start climbing. It was not the __2__ most people had to that film because none of them survived.
I __3__ to climb all the highest peaks in Europe in 2017. Growing up in Sweden,
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I was always __4__ to be outdoors by my father, but I wasn’t a __5__ adventurer—I just wanted to be a __6__ for girls and to tell a story that had never been told.
There is no __7__ definition(定义) of a mountain. In Holland, Belgium and Denmark, the highest peak is really just a small hill. You could park your car on the top. It felt a bit like __8__， but I decided I would climb them __9__．
Climbing mountains is an experience that is beyond __10__. You are in a beautiful environment and, when you reach the top, you feel __11__. But also you have to climb down, which is when most accidents happen. __12__， I don’t climb mountains that I am not totally __13__．
I wanted to __14__ the project at home, on Sweden’s Kebnekaise. I climbed it with my camera assistant. I was wearing a superhero suit. Once I was at the top we did a __15__—it was like a day on the job; it didn’t seem as __16__ as I’d hoped. But when I put it online and people started __17__ me, I felt __18__. Thanks to climbing, I become much __19__， physically and mentally.
My __20__ now is always to have a mountain in my calendar. I will climb Mount Qomolangma one day, when I’m ready.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者登山的故事及其感悟。 1．A.stuck C．changed
B．excited D．annoyed
A 解析：根据固定词组搭配get stuck in“陷入”，并结合下文“because none of them survived”可知，登山者陷入暴风雪的困境中。
2．A.access C．solution
B．promise D．reaction
D 解析：承接上文“When I saw the climbers got ______ in a storm there, I immediately knew I had to start climbing.”可知，作者当时看电影的反应就是要去爬山，而不是大多数人看到电影里没有登山者存活的反应。
3．A.declined C．decided
B．happened D．agreed
C 解析：根据下文“It felt a bit like ______， but I decided I would climb them ______．”可推知，作者在2017年决定去爬欧洲所有的最高峰。
4．A.troubled C．encouraged
B．warned D．forced
C 解析：根据语境可推知，作者的父亲鼓励作者做户外运动。 5．A.lucky
B．serious
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