小微企业利用互联网众筹融资的研究——基于《十万个冷笑话》众筹案例
摘要
现代众筹是指通过互联网发布筹款项目并筹集资金。2011年以来众筹融资模式开始在我国兴起，为小微企业和个人创业者提供了新的融资途径。如2014年12月31日上映的电影《十万个冷笑话》，就是发起人通过互联网众筹融资平台点名时间，为该项目发起募集资金的活动，网友也即是投资者通过少量的投资金额，在完成项目之后获得电影票等实物回报。目前，小微企业占中国企业的总数的90%以上，已然成为社会经济发展的推动力。但是，根据全国工商联的2010年调查发现，95%以上的小微企业没有与银行发生任何借贷关系。现阶段我国的小微企业对融资的需求特点主要体现为“短、小、频、急、缺抵押”，向商业银行融资由于门槛过高，程序复杂，导致小微企业难以进入资本市场直接融资。随着互联网金融融资模式的兴起，小微企业融资问题解决有了新的途径。互联网金融融资建立在搜索引擎、社交网络以及云计算的基础之上，可以甄别不同企业的资质，进行用户的信用评级，拥有先进的技术使得业务处理速度很快，短时间内就可以完成审批，小微企业可以很快拿到到款，符合小微企业本身贷款需求“短、小、频、急、缺抵押”的特点。然而，当下中国的众筹模式尚且处于法律的灰色地带，面临较大的法律风险。对于创意类的小微企业以及个人而言，众筹平台的开放性难以避免被抄袭的风险；对于众筹平台发起设立虚假的项目以高回报率来吸引存款，就涉嫌非法吸收公众存款罪。本文对互联网金融时代众筹融资模式进行研究，分析众筹融资的法律风险，进而提出支持小微企业发展的建议具有现实意义。
关键词：小微企业；互联网；众筹；研究
1 Small micro enterprise use the Internet to the suggests research - based on \ raise refers to all the published
fund-raising projects and raising funds via the Internet. Since 2011 the suggests pattern began to rise in our country, for small micro enterprise and individual entrepreneurs to provide a new financing way. Such as the movie on December 31, 2014, the thousands of cold jokes, is the originator suggests platform named time, via the Internet for the project launched a fund-raising activities, the net friend also known as investors through a small amount of investment amount, get the tickets and other tangible rewards after complete the project. At present, the small micro enterprise accounts for more than 90% of the total number of Chinese companies, of industry and commerce in 2010, the survey found that more than 95% of the small micro enterprise without any lending relationship with Banks. Small micro enterprise demand for financing in our country at present stage characteristics mainly embodied in the \small, frequency, urgent, lack of mortgage\because the threshold is too Internet search engines, social networks and cloud computing, can screen the qualifications of different enterprises, to the user's credit rating, a short period of time can complete the examination and approval, small micro enterprises can quickly get to paragraph, conform to the demand for loans to small micro enterprise itself the \small, frequency, urgent, lack of mortgage\characteristics. However, the present China's model of the raise still in a legal grey area, face a greater risk of law. For small micro enterprise and individual creative class, the openness of the raised platform is difficult to avoid the risk of plagiarism; For the project of the raised platform to launch a false by the to attract deposits, is suspected of the crime of illegal absorb public deposits. In this paper, the financial times the Internet study suggests model, analysis the legal risk of the suggests, support for small micro enterprise development proposal was put forward with practical significance.
Key Words ：Small micro enterprises; Internet; The raise; research
2 目 录
一、引言 ............................................................ 7
（一） 研究的目的 ............................................... 7 （二） 研究现状 ................................................. 7 二、文献综述 ........................................................ 8 三、互联网众筹融资的发展现状及趋势 .................................. 9
（一）互联网众筹融资发展现状 ..................................... 9 （二） 互联网众筹融资特征 ....................................... 11 （三） 互联网众筹融资的主要类型 ................................. 11 四、 小微企业融资现状及融资模式的实践探索 .......................... 12
（一）小微企业融资现状 .......................................... 12 （二）众筹融资模式 .............................................. 14 （三） 互联网众筹融资支持小微企业发展的优势 ..................... 15 （四） 准入门槛低，方便小微企业融资 ............................. 16 （五） 平台开放，大众容易参与其中 ............................... 16 五、 小微企业使用众筹模式 .......................................... 16
（一） 小微企业如何使用众筹模式 ................................. 17 （二） 小微企业使用众筹模式的风险问题 ........................... 17 六、结论与建议 ..................................................... 18 参考文献 ........................................................... 21
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