初高中衔接之动词时态 (2)
现在完成时 have/has + 动词的过去分词
二、过去分词的构成:过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同,在动词词尾加-ed;
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、 现在完成时的用法 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。
例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。 2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.
例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题:
1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, ○
finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。
例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误) He has been in the army for five years.(正确) ? He ______ from Beijing for three years. A has been away B has gone C has left D has come ? I ______ the army for two years . A has joined B have been in C have taken part in 2不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用,如:yesterday, last week,in 1998, two days ago等。 ○
3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别: ○
have/has been to have/has gone to ? She _____ to China . She will be back soon. A .went B has been C goes D has gone
? How many times ______ he ______china? A . has , gone to B has, been C has been in D has been to
4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 ○
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了) He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)
? Mike ___ his homework and now he is watching TV. A. has finished B. finished C. will finish D. finishes ? I ___ Li Ying since she___ our school two years ago . A haven't seen ,left B hadn't seen ,left C didn't
see ,left
1. 他完成做业了吗? 否定回答
2. 我没去过美国。 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
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3、Do you know ________?
A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here
过去完成时 had+动词过去分词
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。
例如:The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前,火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态,常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如:I had lived in America for two years before I came here . 我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。
巩固练习:
1. By the end of last term ,we ___ four English songs . A have seen B had seen C saw D see
2. By the end of last month, he _____ the army for three years. A have joined B has joined C has been in D had been in
综合小测:
1. I love autumn because it _____ (be) nice and cool. 1..Miss Lin is our English teacher. She ___ us English at
school. 2. These young people _________ (skate ) on the real ice A. teach B. teaches C. are teaching D. would teach now . 2. I_____ him once three months ago and I ____ him 3. The boy asked if the Sun_________ (set) in the west . again since then. 4. Our teacher said the earth _________ (be) round . A. have seen , haven’t seen B saw , didn’t see C saw , 5. When ___your mother usually ________ (have) haven’t seen D have seen, haven’t seen breakfast ? 3. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano. 6. What _________you _________ (do) this time A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played yesterday ? 4. The baby is always _____ when he _____ up. 7. My friend and _________ (go) to America two months A crying wakes B cries wakes ago . But I _________ (not hear ) from him yet . C cries waked D cried , was waking 8. My father _________ (buy) me an English book last 5. She ______ the door before she goes away. month .But I _________ (not read) it yet . A. had locked B. is locking C.has locked. 9. Now my uncle_________ (not be ) in Shanghai . He D. was locking. _________ (go) to Beijing . 6. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something He _____________ (travel ) many countries in the nice. last few months.
A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone 10. .My mother_________(come)back in a week .
My mother_________(be)back in a week 7. If it _____ tomorrow, we’ll go the lake.
A isn’t rain B won’t rain C doesn’t rain D will 11. He said he_________ (visit ) his teacher the next rain week . 8. Oh, you are here. I _____ you came back. 12.When I_________ (see) him yesterday , he _________ A don’t know B didn’t know C knows D (work) in the garden . isn’t know 13. There _________ (be) an important meeting soon . 9. He __ this colour TV set for half a year . 14. By the end of 1992 ,Henry _________ (collect ) more A used B uses C has used
than 800 stamps .
10. John told me that he _ the film twice .
15 By the time he _________ (die) , he _________ (work)
A had seen B has seen C saw
in the factory for thirty years .
16. He _________ (eat) 3 mooncakes, before I got home.
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