初高中衔接之动词时态 (2)
现在完成时 have/has + 动词的过去分词
二、过去分词的构成：过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加-ed；
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、 现在完成时的用法 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。
例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。 2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.
例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题：
1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, ○
finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。
例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误） He has been in the army for five years.(正确) ? He ______ from Beijing for three years. A has been away B has gone C has left D has come ? I ______ the army for two years . A has joined B have been in C have taken part in 2不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用，如：yesterday, last week,in 1998, two days ago等。 ○
3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： ○
have/has been to have/has gone to ? She _____ to China . She will be back soon. A .went B has been C goes D has gone
? How many times ______ he ______china? A . has , gone to B has, been C has been in D has been to
4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 ○
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）
? Mike ___ his homework and now he is watching TV. A. has finished B. finished C. will finish D. finishes ? I ___ Li Ying since she___ our school two years ago . A haven't seen ,left B hadn't seen ,left C didn't
see ,left
1. 他完成做业了吗? 否定回答
2. 我没去过美国。 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
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3、Do you know ________?
A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here
过去完成时 had＋动词过去分词
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。
例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here . 我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。
巩固练习:
1. By the end of last term ,we ___ four English songs . A have seen B had seen C saw D see
2. By the end of last month, he _____ the army for three years. A have joined B has joined C has been in D had been in
综合小测：
1. I love autumn because it _____ (be) nice and cool. 1．.Miss Lin is our English teacher. She ___ us English at
school. 2. These young people _________ (skate ) on the real ice A. teach B. teaches C. are teaching D. would teach now . 2. I_____ him once three months ago and I ____ him 3. The boy asked if the Sun_________ (set) in the west . again since then. 4. Our teacher said the earth _________ (be) round . A. have seen , haven’t seen B saw , didn’t see C saw , 5. When ___your mother usually ________ (have) haven’t seen D have seen, haven’t seen breakfast ? 3. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano. 6. What _________you _________ (do) this time A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played yesterday ? 4. The baby is always _____ when he _____ up. 7. My friend and _________ (go) to America two months A crying wakes B cries wakes ago . But I _________ (not hear ) from him yet . C cries waked D cried , was waking 8. My father _________ (buy) me an English book last 5. She ______ the door before she goes away. month .But I _________ (not read) it yet . A. had locked B. is locking C.has locked. 9. Now my uncle_________ (not be ) in Shanghai . He D. was locking. _________ (go) to Beijing . 6. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something He _____________ (travel ) many countries in the nice. last few months.
A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone 10. .My mother_________（come）back in a week .
My mother_________（be）back in a week 7. If it _____ tomorrow, we’ll go the lake.
A isn’t rain B won’t rain C doesn’t rain D will 11. He said he_________ (visit ) his teacher the next rain week . 8. Oh, you are here. I _____ you came back. 12.When I_________ (see) him yesterday , he _________ A don’t know B didn’t know C knows D (work) in the garden . isn’t know 13. There _________ (be) an important meeting soon . 9. He __ this colour TV set for half a year . 14. By the end of 1992 ,Henry _________ (collect ) more A used B uses C has used
than 800 stamps .
10. John told me that he _ the film twice .
15 By the time he _________ (die) , he _________ (work)
A had seen B has seen C saw
in the factory for thirty years .
16. He _________ (eat) 3 mooncakes, before I got home.
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