continue to exist on surfaces for far longer than it has been believed.
The researchers said the study suggests that additional precautions（预防措施）may be necessary to prevent infections, especially in settings such as schools, daycare centers, and hospitals. “These findings should make us more cautious about bacteria in the environment since they change our ideas about how these particular bacteria arte spread.” Said Anders Hakansson, assistant professor of microbiology and immunology in the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. “Never before had any paper proved that these bacteria can survive well on various surface, including hands, and potentially spread between individuals.”
S. pneumoniae（肺炎链球菌）is widespread in daycare centers and a common cause of hospital infections; Hakansson explained to us that it commonly causes sore throat and skin infections in children and adults.
To reach their conclusions, the UB researchers tested the surfaces of toys in a daycare center. They found four out of five toys tested positive for S. pneumoniae and several surfaces, such as baby beds, tested positive for S. pyogenes（化脓性链球菌），even after being cleaned. The testing was done just before the center opening in the morning so it had been many hours since the last human contact.
“ Beautiful colonization（细菌增值）doesn’t, by itself, cause infection but it’s a necessary first step if an infection is going to become established in a human host,” he explains, “Children, the elderly and others with weak immune systems are easily infected.”
12. The first paragraph mainly tells us that the surfaces of books may . A. spread good cheer B. cause health problems C. prevent infections sometimes D. help decrease infectious diseases
13. In the new study, the researchers think that . A. people shouldn’t buy any presents for their kids B. bacteria will not exist for so long
C. bacteria on toys will be removed after being cleaned D. extra measures should be taken to avoid bacteria
【广东省百所学校质量分析联合考试英语试卷 第5页（共10页）
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Greeting Card Association reports that Americans purchase 6.5 billion greeting cards each year. 16 Here’s a look at ways to reduce your holiday greeting card costs.
? Gold digital.
17 Add photos or video to make your e-cards more personal. ? 18 If you plan to mail your cards, remember to consider postage costs. Square cards look cool, but they cost more than a regular stamp to mail because they’re not a standard size. If cost is a consideration, stick to rectangular（矩形的）cards and avoid too heavy ribbons that increase your mailing costs.
? Look at unexpected sources.
You don’t have to order custom greeting cards with your family’s photo. 19 Check dollar stores or even garage sales for affordable greeting cards. The best part is that when these cards don’t have a photo or the year printed on them, you can use any leftovers in the future.
? Make your own.
Use old greeting cards(with written messages cut out,of course), wrapping paper and ribbons, or magazine photos to create your own holiday cards.
? Shop after-Christmas sales.
Starting from Dec. 26, sellers who want to clear out holiday stocks will deeply discount cars, wrapping paper and decorations. 20
A. Search for promotion codes. B. Avoid paying for extra postage.
C. Buy envelopes for your cards for different purposes. D. And Christmas cards account for a big percentage of that. E. Preprinted greeting cards can cost less and work just as well. F. So this is a good time to stock up if you have the storage space. G. If you’re short of time or money, e-cars could be you best choice.
【广东省百所学校质量分析联合考试英语试卷 第6页（共10页）
第二部分 知识语言运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was growing up my dad would often give me small tasks to finish to help out around the house. Some were easy but the three I remember the most were the three 21 of all. The first was helping to weed the four 22 we had. It was 23 work. I would rather ride my bike than crawl（爬行）in the dirt on my hands and knees 24 the thousands of weeds in our gardens. The second was piling firewood for 25 . It was tough work and I got more than my 26 of pieces. I would rather walk in the woods than piling it in rows. The third was 27 water from a mountain spring to our house. 28 our well water had too much iron in it to 29 .
Over the years, though, I learned to see the 30 in all the things my dad had made me do. Having fresh vegetables for dinner was a delight. 31 a cold glass of iced ten made from the mountain spring water was a pure 32 . Standing by the wood stove on a snowy December day was a wonderful way to 33 . I saw as well that all this work my dad had given me had 34 made me a better, stronger and more caring man. Most of all, I 35 that when I did my work with a(n) 36 heart, it didn’t fell like work at all.
Over the years I have learned something else too. When we do the work for our Heavenly Father with a 37 spirit, it doesn’t feel like work, either. It feels like. Every act of kindness, word of encouragement, and gift of love we share will only make our lives better, make our hearts happier, and bring out souls 38 to Heaven. I am so 39 to both my dad and my Father in Heaven. They showed me the 40 of work and more importantly they showed me the pricelessness of love.
21. A. simplest B. toughest C. strangest D. wildest 22. A. schools B. companies C. gardens D. streets 23. A. boring B. exciting C. interesting D. relaxing 24. A. controlling B. keeping C. pushing D. pulling 25. A. festival B. winter C. holiday D. marriage 26. A. share B. charge C. point D. dream
【广东省百所学校质量分析联合考试英语试卷 第7页（共10页）
27. A. protecting B. borrowing C. carrying D. conducing 28. A. because B. unless C. although D. but 29. A. boil B. match C. get D. drink 30. A. requirements B. attention C. rewards D. experience 31. A. Designing B. Enjoying C. Performing D. Developing 32. A. desire B. challenge C. surprise D. pleasure 33. A. turn up B. warm up C. stay up D. set up 34. A. unluckily B. immediately C. gradually D. temporarily 35. A. remembered B. ignored C. regretted D. realized 36. A. honest B. happy C. brave D. modest 37. A. loving B. complaining C. hating D. punishing 38. A. closer B. farther C. politer D. warmer 39. A. kind B. lucky C. grateful D. vital 40. A. key B. way C. goal D. value
第II卷
第二部分 知识语言运用 （共两节，满分45分） 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Once upon a time in an old forest, there was a poor woodcutter 41 (cut) wood by the lake. One day, his axe斧子）fell into the lake 42 accident. The poor woodcutter didn’t know how to swim, 43 he could do nothing but pray to the lake goddess.
The lake goddess heard his prayer and appeared before him.
“Help me!” said the woodcutter, “I’m very poor，and I lost my only axe. If I don't get my axe back，my family will starve to 44 (dead)，please help me!” He cried. After a while, the goddess brought out an axe 45 (make) of gold from the lake. “Is this your axe，my good man? ” asked the goddess.
\but the woodcutter said that wasn’t his axe again.
The 46 (three) time, she brought out the woodcutter’s axe. The woodcutter jumped up
【广东省百所学校质量分析联合考试英语试卷 第8页（共10页）
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