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4.D型:Don't+动词原形+其它成分。如:
1).一般来说,祈使句的否定形式是在动词前边加don’t。 如: Don’t do that again.
Please don’t be late again. 2).有时在动词前边加never,起加强语气的作用。如:
Never play with fire.
Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time.
3).Don’t型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用will you。如: Don’t be noisy, will you?
Never forget to bring your ID Card when traveling, will you? Don't go there now.
Please don’t play with fire./Don’t play with fire, please. 请别玩火。
Don’t let the children play football on the road. 不要让孩子们在马路上踢球。
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Let’s not wait outside the gate. 咱们别在门外等。
1. 另外祈使句还有一些形式: A. 含主语型祈使句
1).有时为了强调、对比或表示说话人的意愿、情绪或者安排工作,祈使句需要带上主语。如:You go away. Everyone shut the mouth.
You girls clean the windows, and you boys wash the floor. 2).含主语型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,用法与Do型祈使句一致。如: Everyone sit down, will you? B. 无动词型祈使句
有时可以省略祈使句的动词,成为无动词祈使句。如: To the bus stop.
Just a minute, please. No smoking. C. 条件祈使句
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祈使句还可以用来表示条件,用于“祈使句+and/or+并列分句”句型,相当于“if 条件句+主句”。如:
Use your head and you will have a good idea.
= If you use your head, you will have a good idea.
Hurry up or we’ll be late. = If we don’t hurry up, we will be late.
D. 祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用。意为“务必;一定”等。例如: Do come, please请一定来!
Do tell her the thing. 务必告诉她此事。
注:祈使语气委婉的句型
1)“Will/Would/Can/Could you please+v.(动词原形)?”
Will/Would/Can/Could you please give us instructions for using the lab?
请给我们讲讲使用实验室的规则吧,好吗?
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2)“Would you mind+v-ing(动名词)?” Would you mind allowing us to use the basin by the side of the cupboard?
请允许我们使用器皿柜旁边的洗脸盆,好吗?
3)“Why not+v.(动词原形)?”
Why not do as your teacher tells you to? 为什么不按你们老师吩咐的去做呢? 4)“祈使句+附加疑问句?” ①“Let us do…, will you/won't you?” Let us do the experiment ourselves, will/won't you?
允许我们自己作实验,好吗? ②“Let's do…, shall we/shan't we?” Let's make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked, shall/shan't we? 让我们核实一下关灯和锁门的事吧,好吗? ③“Let me do…, will you/won't you/may I?”
Let me tidy the lab instead of you, may I?
让我替你收拾实验室,好吗?
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