阅读理解+七选五
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·陕西西安地区八校联考)
Babbage，borninLondonin1791，wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor. Whenhefinishedschool
，
hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later
，，
Thiswas
，
basically
，
hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingtherehedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”ahand-operatedmechanicalcalculator.
．
Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.It’sabasicmechanicalcomputer.
Babbagedreamed，however，ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact，hedidn’tonlydream; hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcomputers!
Hisdesignscontainedprocessors
，
controlunits
，
amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!
Alas!
His“seconddifferenceengine”couldn’tuseelectricitysincethishadn’tyetbecomeausablesourceofpower，soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason，themachinewasbig，complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachinehecouldn’tbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!
Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbage’s“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon
，，
fortheBabbagebicentenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhigh-techmillionaire，whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum，inCalifornia.
Babbage’sanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(纺织) industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns
buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofaraheadofhistime! 1．WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”？
，
A．InLondon. C．AtCambridge.
B．Athighschool. D．InScienceMuseum.
2．Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”？ A．Ittookhimnineyearstobuildit. B．Itwasfaraheadofitstime. C．Itsdesigncameoutinhisdreams. D．Itspowersourcewaselectricity.
3．The“seconddifferenceengine”wasbuilttoworkin1991. A．foranAmericanmillionaire B．inmemoryofBabbage
C．totestitsabilitytouseelectricity D．fortextileindustrytomakepatterns 4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A．Babbage’senginesdidn’trunonprograms. B．Textilepatternsareproducedwithprograms. C．Babbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers. D．Babbage’sanalyticalengineswereneverbuilt.
B
Withgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze
，
autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees，goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.
However
，
formanyhighschoolstudents
，
thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofworktodo，theyspendalltheirhoursindoors，strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse
studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.
Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingso
，，
welosetherealpurposeoflife—tobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenjoyjusthowgreatitistobealive
，
wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students
，，
takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth
talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmi
nd.
Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman
，
LuBan
，
createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadn’twalkedoutside
，
hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadn’trestedunderthatappletree
，
thenhewouldn’thavebeenhitbyanapple
，
andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.
Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork，butachancetoaddtolifeexperience.Socomeon，giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney. 5．Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion? A．Paragraph1. C．Paragraph5.
B．Paragraph2. D．Paragraph4.
6．Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighschoolstudents? A．Theyareunhappytodoso.
B．Theirparentsdon’tallowthemtodoso.
C．Theythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem. D．Theyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams. 7．Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby. A．makingpredictions
B．reasoningandgivingexamples
C．describingthebeautifulsceneryinautumn
D．pointingoutthepresentsituationofhighschoolstudents 8．Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage? A．Natureispower.
B．AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy. C．Theauthorisn’thappywithoureducationatall. D．Goingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.
C
WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclassamonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.
，
UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer’sLosAngelesapartment，
themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked—remotely—topreventInternetsearches
，
andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas
：
Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast？Orwassheslowingdown?
Inthebattleagainstcheating
，
thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem
totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheatingexpertssay
，，，
canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.
Althoughonlineclasseshaveexistedformorethanadecade
，
theconcernovercheatinghasbecomesharperinthelastyearwiththegrowthof“openonlinecourses.”Privatecolleges
，
publicuniversitiesandcorporationsarejumpingintotheonlineeducationfield.Spendingmillionsofdollarstoattractpotentialstudents
whilealsotakingstepstohelpguaranteehonestyatadistance.
Asidefromthewebcameras
，，
anumberofotherhigh-techmethodsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Amongthemareprogramsthatcheckstudents’identitiesusingpersonalinformation，suchasthetelephonenumberstheyonceused.
Otherprogramscanproduceuniqueexamsbydrawingonalargelistofquestionsandcanrecognizepossiblecheatersbyanalyzingwhetherdifficulttestquestionsareansweredatthesamespeedaseasyones.Asinmanyuniversityclasses
termpapersarescannedagainstsomelargeInternetdatabanksforcheating. 9．WhywasJenniferwatchedinanonlineexam? A．Tocorrecthertypingmistakes. B．Tofindhersecretsintheroom. C．Topreventherfromslowingdown. D．Tokeepherfromdishonestbehaviors.
，
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