第一专题 名词
知识网络
考点一 名词的分类
第一讲 名词单复数的“分解” 1, 名词单,复数辨别
运用名词时,一般可以通过查找关键词的方式来确定用单数形式或复数形式 第一招: 限定词“拉闸限电”
(1) 当句子中出现不定冠词a或an,数词one,指示代词this或that时,其后的中心词(名词)
要用单数形式。如:I can see a boy and an old man. 我看见一个男孩和一个老人。
What’s in this glass? 这只玻璃杯里有什么?
(2)当句子中出现大于或等于two的数词,指示代词these或those,表示不确定数目的词语many, few, a few, a number of等时,其后的中心词(名词)要用复数形式。
如:A square has four sisters. 正方形有四条边。
Those boys are my cousins.那些男孩子是我的表兄弟。
There aren’t many mistakes in his exercise. 他的练习里没有多少错误。
第二招:谓语动词充当主语(或表语)的“裁判”
(1) 当谓语动词为连系动词be,若是am, is或was时,做主语或表语的名词用单数形式。
如: I am your friend, aren’t I? 我是你的朋友,对吧?
The boy was at home yesterday afternoon. 这个男孩昨天下午在家里。
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(2) 当连系动词be是are或were时,作主语或表语的名词用复数形式。
如: We are students. 我们是学生
My teachers were at school at that time. 那时,我的老师都在学校
(3) 一般现在时的句子中,如果谓语动词为动词原形时,作主语的名词用复数形式;如果谓语
动词有后缀-s或-es,作主语的名词用单数形式。
如:The leaves on the tree turn yellow. 树上的叶子在秋季变黄了
His brother usually gets up at 7:00 in the morning. 他哥哥通常早晨7点钟起床。
特别提示: 及物动词后面的名词作宾语,宾语的单复数形式与谓语动词和主语之间没有“单复一
致”的关系。如: Jim likes apples very much. Did he take photos on the Great Wall?
请把下列单数句变成复数句。
1. Is she a girl? ___________________ 2. Where was he? _________________ 3. Is that your computer? _____________ 4. I am a boy students._________________
考点二 名词的复数形式 1.规则变化 构成方法 在词尾加-s 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es 例词 girl-girls pen-pens bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 以f或fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为v,wife-wives half-halves 再加-es shelf-shelves thief-thieves 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄, 妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮, 架后(shelf)串出一只狼(wolf), 就像盗贼(thief)逃(life)命亡 某些以f结尾的词,直接加-s roof-roofs(屋顶) belief-beliefs(信念) 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i再city-cities country-countries 加-es 以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加-s
family-families party-parties boy-boys 2
day-days 续表 构成方法 例 词 以o结尾的四个词(两菜、两人)加-es,potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 其余的都加-s hero-heroes Negro-Negroes 英雄去吃西红柿拌土豆,有意思(es)! zoo-zoos photo-photos 2,不规则变化 构成方法 形式不变 (单复数同形) 变内部元音字母 例 词 sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese man-men mouse-mice 词尾加-en/-ren child-children ox-oxen 3, 表示“某国人”的名词,变复数时有规律
(1) 以-ese或-ss结尾的表示“某国人”的名词,单复数形式相同。
如:a Chinese--two Chinese; a Japanese--three Japanese; a Swiss--four Swiss (2) 变-man为-men。
如:a Englishman--two Englishmen; a Frenchman --three Frenchmen
注意:German“德国人”的复数形式是直接加-s。如: a German -- two Germans (3) 直接加-s。如: American --Americans 美国人 Australian-- Australians 澳大利亚人
European -- Europeans 欧洲人 Greek--Greeks 希腊人 Arab--Arabs 阿拉伯人 Hungarian--Hungarians 匈牙利人
3.复合名词的复数形式有两种 (1)将主体词变为复数,如:
sister-in-law→sisters-in-law(嫂子) boy classmate→boy classmates
(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是man或 woman,如: man worker→men workers woman teacher→women teachers 4.特殊情况
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(1)有些名词只有复数形式,如:
clothes,shorts,pants,scissors(剪刀),goods,glasses(眼镜 ) (2)有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如: news,maths,physics,politics
(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如: room(空间)—a room(房间) work(工作)—works(著作) (4)不可数名词的数量表达
①不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量,如: a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸
②还可用much,little,a little,a large amount of,some,any,no,lots of,plenty of等来修饰不可数名词,如:much money,some milk
(5)数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如: He is a four-year-old boy.他是个4岁的男孩。 (four-year-old不能说成four-years-old) a five-foot-deep hole一个五英尺深的洞 即学即练:用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. Many new ________ (potato) will grow from one potato planted in the ground. 2. My _____ (key) are not in my bag. Can you help me look for them?
3. Could you pass the _____ (knife) to me? We need them to make pumpkin lanterns. 4. I bought this ___(book) on my way to school yesterday. 5. Can you tell me that funny ___ (story)?
6. Look! Two ___ (Frenchman) are having dinner at the restaurant. 7. ______ (American) speak English. You can learn from them. 8. Recently many ____ (Japanese) came to China to learn Chinese. 9. Do you know these ____ (Englishwoman)? They will work at our school. 10. We are all proud that we are all ___(Chinese).
11. The _____ (8岁的) boy in the picture is my little brother. 12. There are two _____ (苹果树) in our garden.
13. The _____ (女医生) is Gina’s mother. She is very patient. 14. In our class there are forty ____.(男生)
15. In the factory, _____ (男工人) do the heavy work.
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