英语语法专业术语-音标版

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英语语法专业术语 音标版

语法 grammar ['gr?m?] the rules in a language for

changing the form of words and joining them into sentences

the basic rules of grammr English g

句法 syntax ['sint?ks] the way that words and

phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules

of grammar for this

词法 morphology [m?:'f?l?d?i] the forms of words, studied as a branch of linguistics 结构 structure ['str?kt??] 层次 rank [r??k]

句子 sentence ['sent(?)ns] 从句 clause [kl??z] 词组 phrase

词类 part of speech 单词 word

实词 notional word ['n?u??n?l]

虚词 structural word ['str?kt?(?)r(?)l] 单纯词simple word

派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv, d?'riv?tiv] 派生的；引出的

复合词compound ['k?mpaund,k?m'paund]

词性part of speech 名词 noun [na?n]

专有名词 proper noun ['pr?p?] 普通名词 common noun

可数名词 countable noun ['kaunt?bl] 不可数名词 uncountable noun

抽象名词abstract ['?bstr?kt] noun 具体名词 concrete noun ['k?nkri:t] 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的

物质名词 material noun [m?'t??r??l] 集体名词 collective noun

个体名词 individual noun [?nd?'v?dj?(?)l] preposition [prep?'zi??n] a word or group of words,

such as in, from, to, out of and on behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun

['pr??na?n] to show place, position, time or method

conjunction [k?n'd???k??n] a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’

动词 verb [v??b] 主动词 main verb

及物动词 transitive ['tr?ns?t?v] verb 及物的；过渡的；可迁的

不及物动词 intransitive[in'tr?nsitiv] verb

系动词 link verb

助动词 auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri] 情态动词 modal verb['m??d(?)l] 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb

短语动词 phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freiz?l] 限定动词 finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词 infinite verb ['infinit] 使役动词 causative verb ['k?:z?tiv] 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb

感叹词 exclamation [.ekskl?'mei??n] 形容词 adjective ['?d??kt?v] 副词 adverb ['?dv??b] adverb of manner adverb of degree adverb of time adverb of place adjunct ['?d???(k)t]

连接性副词 conjunct [k?n'd???(k)t]

疑问副词interrogative adverb [.int?'r?g?tiv]

关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun ['pr?unaun] 人称代词 personal pronoun

物主代词 possessive pronoun [p?'zesiv] 反身代词 reflexive pronoun [ri'fleksiv] 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun [ri'sipr?k?l]

指示代词 demonstrative pronoun [di'm?nstr?tiv]

疑问代词 interrogative pronoun [.int?'r?g?tiv]

关系代词 relative pronoun

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不定代词 indefinite pronoun [in'definit, in'def?nit]

名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun

形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun [.?d?ik'taiv?l] 冠词 article

定冠词 definite article ['definit, 'def?nit] 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral ['nju:m?r?l]

基数词 cardinal numeral ['kɑ:dinl, 'kɑ:dn?l]

序数词 ordinal numeral ['?:din?l, '?:dn?l]

分数词 fractional numeral ['fr?k??n?l] 形式 form

单数形式 singular form

复数形式 plural form ['plu?r?l, 'plur?l] 限定动词 finite verb form ['fainait]

非限定动词 non-finite verb form [n?n'finit]

原形 base form 从句 clause

从属句 subordinate clause [s?'b?:dineit, s?'b?:dn.eit,s?'b?:dnit]

并列句 coordinate clause [k?u'?:dneit,k?u'?:dnit, k?u'?:d?neit]

名词从句 nominal clause ['n?min?l, 'n?m?n?l]

定语从句 attributive clause [?'tribjutiv, ?'tribj?tiv]

状语从句 adverbial clause [?d'v?:bi?l] 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause

同位语从句 appositive clause [?'p?zitiv] 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession [k?n'se??n]

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence

并列复合句 compound complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence [di'kl?r?tiv] 疑问句 interrogative sentence [.int?'r?g?tiv]

一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question

选择疑问句 alternative question [?:l't?:n?tiv]

附加疑问句 tag question

反义疑问句 disjunctive question [dis'd???ktiv]

修辞疑问句 rhetorical question [ri't?rik?l]

感叹疑问句 exclamatory question [iks'kl?m?.t?ri, ik'skl?m?.t?uri]

存在句 existential sentence [.egzis'ten??l]

肯定句 positive sentence

基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence

祈使句 imperative sentence [im'per?tiv] 省略句 elliptical sentence [i'liptik?l]

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感叹句 exclamatory sentence [iks'kl?m?.t?ri, ik'skl?m?.t?uri] 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject

谓语 predicate ['predikeit,'predikit] 宾语 object

双宾语 dual object ['dju:?l] 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object

同源宾语 cognate object ['k?g.neit] 补语 complement ['k?mplim?nt, 'k?mpl?.ment,'k?mpl?m?nt] 主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 表语 predicative ['pridi.k?tiv, 'predi.keitiv] 定语 attribute [?'tribju:t,'?tribju:t, ?'tribjut,'?tr?.bju:t] 同位语 appositive [?'p?zitiv] 状语 adverbial [?d'v?:bi?l]

句法关系syntactic relationship [sin't?ktik]

并列 coordinate [k?u'?:dneit,k?u'?:dnit, k?u'?:d?neit]

从属 subordination [s?b.?:di'nei??n, s?b.?:d?n'ei??n]

修饰 modification [.m?difi'kei??n, .m?d?f?'kei??n]

前置修饰 pre-modification [.m?difi'kei??n, .m?d?f?'kei??n]

后置修饰 post-modification [.m?difi'kei??n, .m?d?f?'kei??n]

限制 restriction [ri'strik??n] 双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number

单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form

格 case

普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case

宾格 objective case [?b'd?ektiv] 性 gender ['d?end?]

阳性 masculine ['m?skjulin, 'm?skj?lin] 阴性 feminine ['feminin, 'fem?nin] 通性 common

中性 neuter ['nju:t?] 人称 person

第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense

过去将来时 past future tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense

现在进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

语态 voice

主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood

陈述语气 indicative mood [in'dik?tiv] 祈使语气 imperative mood [im'per?tiv]

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虚拟语气 subjunctive mood [s?b'd???ktiv]

否定 negation [ni'gei??n]

否定范围 scope of negation [sk?up] 全部否定 full negation

局部否定 partial negation ['pɑ:??l] 转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order

自然语序 natural order

倒装语序 inversion [in'v?:??n] 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech

自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement

主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement ['predikeit]

语法一致 grammatical agreement [gr?'m?tik?l]

概念一致 notional agreement ['n?u??n?l]

就近原则 principle of proximity [pr?k'simiti, pr?k'sim?ti]

强调 emphasis ['emf?sis]

emphasize ['emf?saiz, 'emf?.saiz] 重复 repetition [.repi'ti??n] 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone

升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone

降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style

正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English

套语 formulistic expression [f?:mju'listik]

英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English

用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring ['k?l?ri?] 褒义 commendatory [k?'mend?t?ri, k?'mend?.t?uri]

贬义 derogatory [di'r?g?t?ri, di'r?g?.t?uri]

幽默 humorous ['hju:m?r?s] 讽刺 sarcastic [sɑ:'k?stik]

挖苦 ironic [ai'r?nik]

direct object ['?bd?ekt]n. the object that receives the direct action of the verb

In ‘She wrote a letter’, the verb ‘wrote’ is transitive and the word ‘letter’ is the direct object.