英语语法基础句子结构分析

一、 句子结构分析

一个句子一般由两部分组成：主语部分和谓语部分。 My brother teaches English at a language school. 句子成分是句子中有一定功用的组成部分。根据各个句子成分在句子中所起得作用，可分为主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。

主语：全句述说的对象，常由名词、代词、名词性短语或分句充当，一般置于句首。

To study English is very necessary. Football is my favorite.

What impressed me most is the people here.

谓语或谓语动词：说明主语的动作或状态，主要由动词或动词短语充当吗，一般置于主语之后。 I arrived at the station on time. They should have finished their work.

宾语：表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象，常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般置于及物动词和介词之后。

He needs a new dictionary.

She refused to read that terrible book. 宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 The nurse is giving him an injection.

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表语：表述主语的身份、状态、特征，常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或分句充当。置于联系动词之后。联系动词一般有be,become,turn,get,grow,seem.,appear,look,sound,smell,feel等。

Brown isn an artist. The milk has turned sour. To see is to believe.

The question is how he did it.

定语：用于修饰、限制名词或代词，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或分句担任。

He has a great desire to travel.

Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age .

状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或分句担任。

That student dances very gracefully.

Unfortunately,he was killed in the accident. 补语：用来补充主语或宾语的意义，补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。

Shee opened the door and asked him out. It is fun to watch people coming and going.

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基本句型英语基本句型主要有5种

1、 主动补，在这种结构中，谓语动词通常是联系动词，也称?主系表?结构。 She is in good health. These folwers smell fragrant.

2、 主动，在这种结构中谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 Everybody laughed. Prices are going down. The guests have arrived.

3、 主动宾，在这种结构中谓语动词通常是及物动词，随后必须跟宾语。

The plane is losing altitude. Nobody could answer this question.

4、 主动宾宾，在这种结构中及物动词后需要跟两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）

I sent him a telegram. Someone left you this note. 5、主动宾补，在这种结构中及物动词后必须跟宾语和宾语补足语。

They painted the walls creamy white.

The directors a]appointed him sales manager. 二、 时态（一般现在时、一般过去时） A、一般现在时的基本用法：

1、 现在、经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。

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He is a worker now . You always make fun of me . 2、 表示客观真理、科学事实及不受客观时间限制的客观存在时，也用一般现在时。

Where there is a will,there is a way.

The earth moves round the sun. Time and tide wait for no man.

3、 在有when,while,after,before,until等引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中，也可用一般现在时不是经常发生或存在的状态。

When I come acrossa new word,I look it up in the dictionary.

一般现在上的特殊用法：

1、 在时间或条件或让步状语从句中，分句不能用将来时，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

Unless you get rid of smoking,you willnot stay healthy. When you come next time,I’ll show you around our campus. If I see him,I will tell him the news .

Whether he drives or takes the rtrain,he’ll be here on time.

No matter what happens ,don’t be discouraged. 2、 在see (to it)\\make sure\\make +that 分句中，常由一般现在时代替将来时。

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