Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
单元要点预览
词语 辨析 1. loudly / loud / aloud 2. unlike / dislike 3. remain / leave 4. climate / weather 5. now that / since / because / as 1. violent adj. 强暴的，猛烈的 violence n.暴力，强violently adv. 强暴暴；猛烈 地；猛烈地 2. fundamental adj.基本fundamentally adv. fundament n. 基础；(础)的n.[pl.]基本原基本地；根本地 则(法则) 3. development n. 词汇 部分 词形 变化 生长，发展；新情况 develop vt. 发展；产生 vi.生长；发展 developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展的 根本 4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产lie vi. 躺，平放；lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎 (蛋) lay---laid---laid---laying 5. prevent vt. 预防，防止 6. gentle adj. 和蔼的；轻柔的 7. physics n. 物理，物理学 位于 lie---lay---lain---lying prevention n.预防；preventable adj.可防阻止；妨碍 止的，可预防的 lie---lied---lied---lying gently adv.温和地； 静静地 physicist n. 物理学家 physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 第 1 页 共 25 页
1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法 2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋) 重点 3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 4. exist vi. 存在；生存 单词 5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力 7. cheer vt.&vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 1. to begin with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先 2. in time 及时；最终；迟早 重点 词组 3. in one’ s turn 轮到某人；接着 4. prevent...from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事 5. block out 挡住（光线） 6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张 7. break out (灾难、战争等)突发；爆发 8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, 重点句子 which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere. 2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 重点语法 语言要点 Ⅰ.词语辨析
宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分） 第 2 页 共 25 页
1. loudly / loud / aloud 【解释】 loudly adv 响亮地，高声地 loud adj/adv 与sing, speak, talk连用 aloud adv 相对默读而言；出声 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Will you please speak ______? 2). It is good for you to read English ______ every morning. 3). The bomb exploded ______. 4). Is her voice ______ enough ? 5). Action speaks ______ than words (事实胜于雄辩). 2. unlike / dislike 【解释】 unlike prep. 不像，和……不同 adj. [作表语] 不相似；不同 dislike vt./n. 不喜爱，厌恶 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). A good hotel manager should know his regular guests’ likes and ______. 2). Her latest novel is quite ______ her earlier work. 3). If you go on like that you’ ll get yourself _______ (like). 4). I was very interested in the lecture, ______ many of the students. 3. remain/leave 【解释】 remain vi. 仍然是；留下；剩下 常用句型：remain + n. 仍然是 remain + adj./adv./prep. 仍然是 remain + v-ed/v-ing 仍然是 remain to be done有待去做，依然要做 leave vt. 剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等 常用句型：leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb. 给某人留下某物 leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下(某物) leave sth to sb 将某物遗赠给某人 第 3 页 共 25 页
remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Someone ______ you this note while you were out. 2). After the earthquake, little ______ of the village. 3). He used the ______ money to buy a dictionary. 4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money______. 5). Arriving home, I found that I’ d ______ my key in the office. 6). Don’ t leave her ______ (wait) outside in the rain. 7). She remained _______ (change) after all these years. 8). A great many things remain _______ (do). 4. climate / weather 【解释】 climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候； weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). We shall go out for a picnic tomorrow if the _______ is fine. 2). A drier _______ would be good for your health. 3). I couldn’t imagine what it would be like to live in a hot ________. 4). The _______ of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad ________. 第 4 页 共 25 页
5. now that / since / because / as 【解释】 都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/now that，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 2) It was _______ he was ill that he didn’ t go to school. 3). It must have rained last night, _______ the ground is all wet. 4). _______ we are alone, we can speak freely. Ⅱ.词性变化
1. violent adj.强暴的，猛violence n.暴力，强暴；猛violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈的 烈 烈地 2. fundamental adj.基本fundamentally adv. 基本fundament n. 基础；根本 (础)的n.[pl.]基本原则地；根本地 (法则) 3. development n.生长，发 展；新情况 4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产lie vi. 躺，平放；位于 (蛋) lay---laid---laid---laying 5. prevent vt. 预防，防止 prevention n.预防；阻止；preventable adj.可防止的，妨碍 6. gentle adj.轻柔的 7. physics n.物理，物理学 可预防的 lie---lay---lain---lying lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎 lie---lied---lied---lying develop vt.发展；产生 vi.生长；发展 developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展的 gently adv.温和地；静静地 physicist n.物理学家 physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 第 5 页 共 25 页
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