3.5.4 液压试验压力试验 .............................................. 21 3.6接管设计 ............................................................ 22
3.6.1管程接管设计 .................................................. 22 3.6.2壳程接管设计 .................................................. 22 3.6.3排气管和排液管的设计 .......................................... 23 3.7筒体开孔补强 ........................................................ 23 3.8管箱开孔补强 ........................................................ 24 3.9接管法兰和垫片的设计 ................................................ 25 3.10接管外伸长度 ....................................................... 28
3.10.1各接管尺寸设计 ............................................... 28 3.10.2管程接管位置的确定 ........................................... 28 3.10.3壳程接管位置的确定 ........................................... 29 3.11 管板设计 .......................................................... 29
3.11.1材料选择 ..................................................... 29 3.11.2管板结构 ..................................................... 29 3.11.3布管限定圆 ................................................... 29 3.12管子与管板连接方式 ................................................. 30 3.13管束的结构设计 ..................................................... 30 3.14拉杆设计 ........................................................... 31
3.14.1拉杆选材 ..................................................... 31 3.14.2拉杆参数 ..................................................... 31 3.14.3拉杆的布置 ................................................... 32 3.14.4拉杆孔的设计 ................................................. 32 3.15折流板结构设计 ..................................................... 32 3.16膨胀节结构设计 ..................................................... 34 3.17 焊接结构设计 ...................................................... 34 3.18各零部件质量估算 ................................................... 35 3.19支座的设计 ......................................................... 37
3.19.1支座选型 ..................................................... 37 3.19.2支座材料 ..................................................... 37
III
3.20设备水压试验充水质量 ............................................... 38 3.21设备总重估算 ....................................................... 38 第四章 强度校核 ............................................................ 39 第5章 换热器的腐蚀、制造与检测 ............................................ 59
5.1腐蚀 ................................................................ 59 5.2换热器的腐蚀 ........................................................ 60
5.2.1壳体与接管的腐蚀 .............................................. 60 5.2.2容器附件与管道 ................................................ 60 5.3换热器的制造与检验 .................................................. 61
5.3.1筒节的制造 .................................................... 62 5.3.2换热管与管板连接 .............................................. 63 5.3.3换热器与鞍座连接 .............................................. 63 5.3.4换热器的液压试验 .............................................. 63
第6章 技术条件的编制 ...................................................... 65
6.1钢材 ................................................................ 65 6.2焊接 ................................................................ 65 6.3热处理 .............................................................. 65 6.4无损探伤 ............................................................ 65 6.5 质量证明书、标志、油漆、包装、运输 ................................. 65 6.6换热器的尺寸偏差 .................................................... 66 6.7 设备的技术条件 ..................................................... 66 6.8折流板或支持板技术条件 .............................................. 66 6.9管板技术要求 ........................................................ 66 6.10法兰技术条件 ....................................................... 67 6.11支座技术条件 ....................................................... 67 参考文献 ................................................................... 68 致谢 ....................................................................... 69 附录 英文翻译 ............................................................. 70 换热网络改造优化及强化传热 ................................................. 77 文章摘要 ................................................................... 77
IV
过冷器设计(Ⅰ)(w－555B)
摘要
本次设计是以安全为前提，在尽可能保证其质量、经济合理性及实用性等技术指标的前提下进行设计的。设计以机械结构设计为主，题目选自天脊集团合成氨冷冻工段过冷器的设置。本说明书在编写过程中力求简洁明了。对来源于实践中的结构和方案在使用中作了分析和校核，对借鉴公式以及结论都注明了出处，以便查询。
此设计过程主要有三大块内容：绪论,单体设备——热交换器的设计，换热器的腐蚀、制造与检测。
绪论中详细的叙述了本换热器在工艺流程中的地位及该换热器的特点。单体设备的设计包括工艺设计、结构设计、强度校核和技术条件的编制四部分。工艺设计主要是通过介质的物性参数以及他们所处的工作状态进行热负荷和换热面积的计算。结构设计主要解决的是设备的结构问题，其思路是在设计条件的规范下，从材料的选择和结构的设计入手，辅以合理的强度计算与校核得到设备的所用结构。换热器的腐蚀、制造与检测则主要针对换热器各组成结构的介绍。
关键词：换热器，工艺计算，结构设计，合成氨
V
Subcooler design (Ⅰ)(w－555B)
Abstract
This design is the premise of safety, the best possible quality, economic rationality and the practical technology index on the premise of design.It is given priority to engineering design, topic is chosen from the three branch of linyi fertilizer plant yuncheng city 8 tons/year retention of ammonia synthesis temperature transform heat exchanger. This manual writing process is concise and clear.In order to make clear the query，The structure and the scheme coming from practice in using are analyzed and checked for reference formula and conclusion, citations. There are three major chunks of content in this design process: the introduction ,monomer equipment - heat exchangers design and heat exchanger corrosion, manufacturing and testing. The introduction of the heat exchanger detailed narrate heat exchanger thestatus in process and its characteristics . Monomer equipment design includes process design, structural design, strength check and technical conditions . Process design is mainly through the medium of the physical parameter and working condition to calculate the thermal load and heat-exchange area .Structure design is mainly to solve the structural problems, the idea is under design conditions and based on the choice of materials and structure of the design, with reasonable strength calculation and checking to get equipment used structure. Heat exchanger corrosion, manufacturing and testing is mainly aimed at introducing the structure of each component.
Keywords ：Heat exchanger,process design ,structure design, ammoni
VI
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