专题一 名词和冠词
2016～2012年各省市高考题(改编)
名 词 A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)． 答案 attraction [空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。]
2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister.
答案 days [few作来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。]
3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________
答案 honest→honesty [由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。] 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．
答案 achievement [介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。]
5．(2016·全国Ⅱ，46)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
答案 studies [考查主谓一致。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。] 6．(2016·全国Ⅲ，阅读C)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．
答案 apples [在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。a variety of各种各样，后面跟复数形式。]
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7．(2015·全国Ⅰ，65)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese________(painting)．
答案 paintings [前面有many修饰，故用名词的复数形式。]
8．(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Many rare animals are dying out.________
答案 airs→air [air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。]
9．(2014·全国Ⅰ，69)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the________(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
答案 changes [根据后面的be动词可知此处应为复数。]
10．(2014·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.________
答案 year→years [根据前面的all these可知此处应为复数。]
11．(2014·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.________
答案 hour→hours [一个半小时的表达为one and a half hours。]
12．(2012·全国Ⅱ，19)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great________(demanding) in this city.
答案 demand [考查固定搭配。in great demand急需。]
B卷 地方卷
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2016·北京，阅读C)Although these ________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
答案 measures [考查名词单复数，根据前面的these和后面的are，可以判断应用复数形式。]
2．(2016·北京，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. 答案 growth [此处的growth和后面的development是并列关系，且用前面的important修饰。]
3．(2016·四川，阅读C)The ________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.
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答案 lives [根据后面的谓语动词，可以判断此处需要用名词的复数形式。]
4．(2016·四川，短文改错)Mom has a full－time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.________
答案 houseworks→housework [ housework是不可数名词。]
5．(2016·江苏，阅读C)The weather ________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places.
答案 effects [根据后面的谓语动词，可以看出此处应该是复数形式。]
6．(2015·江苏，32)Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
答案 adjustments [句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出调整。固定表达make adjustments 做出调整。]
7．(2015·江苏，35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________(apologize)． 答案 apology/apologies [句意：——去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。——我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。]
8．(2015·浙江，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
答案 stress [句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stress压力，紧张，为不可数名词。]
9．(2015·湖北，21)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.
答案 balance [句意：追赶哥哥时，小男孩失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。lose his balance失去平衡。]
10．(2015·安徽，30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________(think) and then let me know.
答案 thought [句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。 some后应跟名词，thought想法。]
11．(2014·安徽，29)—Why not buy a second－hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?
—That’s a good ________(suggest)．
答案 suggestion [句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。形容词修饰名词，故用名词形式。]
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12．(2014·湖北，21)Her ________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
答案 motivation [句意：她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。形容词性物主代词修饰名词。]
13．(2013·江西， 22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient)．
答案 patience [句意：每当我犯错的时候，老师都耐心地帮我指出来。with是介词，介词后用名词形式，故用patience。]
14．(2012·山东，24)My first ________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
答案 impression [句意：我对他的第一印象是，他是一个友好且体贴的年轻人。序数词first修饰名词。]
15．(2012·福建，25)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well，you know，English is my ________(strong)．So it is my best choice. 答案 strength [句意：——你为什么选择去一家国际旅行社工作？——哦，你知道英语是我的强项。因此，这是我的最佳选择。形容词性物主代词my后跟名词，strength意为“长处，强项”。]
冠 词 A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读A)In 1931，Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
答案 the [序数词前面加定冠词the。]
2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
答案 a [考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达for a while一会儿。]
3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.________ 答案 world前加the [考查定冠词的用法。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。] 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
答案 an [unsuccessful前面用an修饰。]
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