被动语态
一导入新课：阅读下面的一段文章，注意所用的语态。
It’s very important for us to protect the environment. Every day many trees are cut down. Waste is thrown away. The air is polluted. Waste water is poured into rivers. Wild animals are killed……
1.一般现在时的被动语态结构: ________
【对点训练】
1).Cameras _________ (use) for taking photos.
2.) The toys in the supermarket ________ (make) in China. 2一般过去时的被动语态结构: ________
.Eg A new machine _was_ invented last month. 1) Our school has a long history. And it ___________ (build) in 1958. 2) The book _____________ (write) by him last year. 3.一般将来时的被动语态结构: ___________ Eg. A new film __will be showed_ next week
1).The hard work ________ (finish) tomorrow and then we’ll have a two-day off. 2).A party _____________ (hold) for grandma’s birthday next week 4.过去将来时的被动语态结构: __________
He told us that the new railway would be built the next year. 5.现在进行时的被动语态结构:_________ Eg The child is being taken good care of. A new cinema_________ now．(build) 6.过去进行时的被动语态结构_________
Eg The railway was being built this time last year.
A meeting_________( hold) when I was there.
7.现在完成时的被动语态结构______
Eg The boy has been made to work for five years. The new railway____ already____ ____ (build). 8.过去完成时______
Eg By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing. The new railway______ (build) by the end of last year 9.带有情态动词的被动语态: _________
1）.Waste paper should be thrown into the paper basket. 2）.Everything must be put back after the experiment. 1）English _________________(learn) well. 英语必须被学好.
2) The raising of the flag can _________ (see) every morning at Tiananmen Square.
二．被动语态的定义，结构和用法： 1被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫___语态如：He killed the animal.；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫___语态如：The animal was killed。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有___ 动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
2英语中被动语态结构由“ ”构成。主要体现在be的变化上，其形式
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与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 一般现在时 am/is/are 及物动词pp 一般过去时 was /were 及物动词pp 现在进行时 am/is/are being及物动词pp 过去进行时 was/were being及物动词pp 现在完成时 have/has been 及物动词pp 过去完成时 had been 及物动词pp 一般将来时 will/shall be 及物动词pp 过去将来时 would/should be 及物动词pp 3. 被动语态的用法： ①当不知道、不容易指出行为者时。如：
His car last night . 他的车子昨天夜里被窃了 ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,可省略by短语。 Rice___ __ ___ in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)
③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It _________ (write) by Lu Xun. (4)汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that…It is supposed that… It is reported that… It is hoped that…
It is said that his book has been translated into several languages.
考点1现在进行时的被动式
相对来说，现在进行时态在高中考得频繁些，它的被动形式也如此。它通常是通过语境来测试。
—Have you handed your schoolwork yet? —Yes, I have. I guess it___ now.
A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D .is grading 考点2现在完成时的被动式
完成时态的被动语态也是常考的被动语态。
Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture , but when and where to give___ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. are decided
考点3系动词
系动词后常接形容词作表语。系动词主动表被动。常见的系动词有： Look, feel, taste, smell, prove, seem, appear等。 The dish tastes delicious.
Good medicine bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。 Chinese food ___ good, and __ delicious.
A. is looked: tastes B. looks: is tasted C .looks: tastes D. is looked, is tastes
考点4 need /want/require/deserve+ doing
=need /want/require/deserve to be done.
need doing 结构中。doing 是主动形式，表被动意义。在这种情况下，句子的主语在逻辑上是doing的宾语。
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Your hair needs cutting.=Your hair The house requires repairing. =The house The mother is on business, so the child needs___.
A. looked after B. to look after C. looking after D. being looked after
考点5 be worth doing
句型be worth doing 结构中，doing是主动形式表被动含义。句子的主是doing的逻辑宾语。 The film is worth seeing. His suggestion is worth___.
A. considered B. to consider C. considering D. being considered
考点6特殊及物动词
有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如：read, write, sell, open, wash, wear, lock等，此类动词有well, easily, badly等副词修饰。这类动词作不及物动词时，主动表被动。
The pen writes smoothly.
These clothes .这些衣服很易洗。 Children’s books ___ well.
A. are sold B. are to be sold C. sell D. are being sold
考点7某些动词(短语)和句型中：last, happen, take place, break out, belong to, , be to blame，to let等
The meeting lasted four hours. You are to blame for the accident.
【挑战高考】
1. The famous musician, as well as his students, ___to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.( 2013 福建) A .were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. had been invited 2. (2012·四川高考)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________ .
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt 3.(2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market? —Yes, fortunately no one ________.
A. hurt B. was hurt
C. has hurt D. had been hurt 4. If nothing ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.(2013 湖南) A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done
5. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _______ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made
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被动语态默写 姓名 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 考点1现在进行时的被动式
相对来说，现在进行时态在高中考得频繁些，它的被动形式也如此。它通常是通过语境来测试。
—Have you handed your schoolwork yet? —Yes, I have. I guess it___ now.
A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D .is grading 考点2现在完成时的被动式
完成时态的被动语态也是常考的被动语态。
Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture , but when and where ___ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. are decided
主动表被动的几种情况：
考点3系动词
系动词后常接形容词作表语。系动词主动表被动。常见的系动词有： 考点4 need /want/require/deserve+ doing
= need doing 结构中。doing 是主动形式，表被动意义。在这种情况下，句子的主语在逻辑上是doing的宾语。
考点5 be worth doing
句型be worth doing 结构中，doing是主动形式表被动含义。句子的主是doing的逻辑宾语。 The film is worth seeing. His suggestion is worth___.
A. considered B. to consider C. considering D. being considered
考点6特殊及物动词
有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如：read, write, sell, open, wash, wear, lock等，此类动词有well, easily, badly等副词修饰。这类动词作不及物动词时，主动表被动。
Children’s books ___ well.
A. are sold B. are to be sold C. sell D. are being sold
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