第2讲 推理判断题
[小题夯基练]
1．(全国卷Ⅰ，阅读C节选)“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Q：What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz? A．It will disappear gradually. B．It remains black and white. C．It should keep up with the times. D．It changes every 50 years.
解析：C [根据节选第一段Moran说的“...jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”及节选第二段中的“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，他认为世界在变，爵士乐应该与时俱进。故选C。]
2．(全国卷Ⅲ，阅读C节选)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
Q：What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving.
D．Uncaring.
解析：B [观察四个选项可以看出是四种不同的态度；A项怀疑；B项积极；C项不赞成；D项不关心(中立)。根据节选段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B项。]
3．(2018·北京卷阅读C)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
Q：What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain a study method on worms. B．To introduce the diet of a special worm. C．To present a way to break down plastics. D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
解析：C [作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。故选C项。]
4．(2019·衡水二模，B)Don't wander aimlessly through life.Get confused on your goals，start helping others in need，and live life to the fullest！Life is too short to be anything but happy.Visit my blog and find what you've been missing.Sign up for my newsletter(时事通讯)and get seven free e-books，too！Read hundreds of articles while you're there in the article section，which is updated daily.
Q：This text must be taken from ________. A．a radio program B．a website C．a newspaper D．a TV program
解析：B [根据文中的几个关键词Visit my blog，e-books，Sign up，updated可知这篇文章选自网站。故选B。]
5．(四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
…
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.
Q：How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data. D．By providing research results.
解析：D [根据文章信息 But now a study has found it really does help people nod off...Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin...The study...involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.和Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content...可知，作者是通过列举研究结果来支撑主题。故选D项。]
[大题提能练]
A
Indian actor Aamir Khan is sealing his major celebrity status in China with the cinema of social relevance.
Aamir Khan was in China to promote his latest Hindi film Secret Superstar.During his weeklong stay，the Indian actor also found out that he has become a major celebrity in a country where Bollywood's reach has been traditionally limited.
Some local analysts compare his stardom in China to that of Hollywood actors Tom Hanks，Tom Cruise and Leonardo Dicaprio.Others don't think Khan is an activist actor.Still others describe him as a feminist.The Chinese media seem to have settled for Mishu，or Uncle Aamir.
The surprising rise in popularity of the 52-year-old Bollywood star is owing to his cinema of social relevance that Chinese moviegoers don't get enough of from their own industry as well as his savvy marketing and China outreach.At more than 1 million，Khan has the most followers for an Indian on Sina Weibo，the country's Twitter-like platform.
Secret Superstar had made more than $63 million earlier this week.The story of
a teenage Muslim girl's fight against ugly patriarchy to realize her dreams was released in China on Jan 19,2018.
Last year，his film Dangal，inspired by the real journey of an Indian wrestler through a conservative landscape to turn his daughters into world-class athletes，had made nearly 1.3 billion yuan.
In 2011，Khan's work first got major attention from Chinese moviegoers with Three
Idiots，which was released in India much earlier.Film critics and fans alike
recommended it to their friends.Some film critics say the education systems，gender
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