extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism or emotionality. Acronyms commonly used to refer to the five traits collectively are OCEAN, NEOAC, or CANOE. Here's what each trait entails:
?
Openness to Experience (sometimes called Intellect or Intellect/Imagination). Includes traits like having wide interests, and being imaginative and insightful.
? Extraversion. The broad dimension of Extraversion encompasses such more specific traits as talkative, energetic, and assertive.
? ? ?
Agreeableness. Includes traits like sympathetic, kind, and affectionate. Conscientiousness. Includes traits like organized, thorough, and planful.
Neuroticism (sometimes reversed and called Emotional Stability). Includes traits like tense, moody, and anxious.
The Big Five model is able to account for different traits in personality without overlapping.
Empirical research has shown that the Big Five personality traits show consistency in interviews, self-descriptions and observations. Moreover, this five-factor structure seems to be found across a wide range of participants of different ages and of different cultures. 2. Karl Landsteiner卡尔·兰德斯坦纳
Karl Lansteiner (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943) was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is
noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood, and having identified, with Alexander S. Wiener, the Rhesus factor, in 1937, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient′s life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus, in 1909. In 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was awarded a Lasker Award in 1946 posthumously and is recognized as the father of transfusion medicine.
3. Takeji Furukawa古川竹二
Takeji Furukawa, a professor at Tokyo Women's Teacher's School, published his paper \
of Temperament Through Blood Type\Psychological Research in 1927. He was sure that personality was caused by blood type. The idea quickly took off with the Japanese public and the militarist government of the time commissioned a study aimed at breeding ideal soldiers.
4. Hokkaido北海道（日本）
Hokkaido, literally \Sea Circuit\is Japan’s second largest island; it is also the largest and northernmost of Japan's 47 prefectures. The Tsugaru Strait (津轻海峡) separates Hokkaido from Honshu (本州岛), although the two islands are connected by the underwater railway Seikan Tunnel. The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital, Sapporo（札幌）, which is also its only ordinance-designated city
VII. Answer Keys Reading
1. Skim Reading 1 and answer the questions below.
1) what Does Child’ definition of personality differ from Allport’s?
Child emphasized the words consistent and different, Allport mentioned psychophysical factors
2)What are the key words common to several definitions mentioned? Behavior, internal, consistent, stable, different 3) Are the five components inherent or environment? Inherent
4) When does one’s personality become stable?
until the age of thirty
5) What does the writer think of extroverted behavior? It is closely connected with happiness
2. Match the words and phrases with their definitions according to Reading 1. 1) j 2) k 3) h 4) g 5) l 6) i 7) d 8) f 9) e 10)a 11) b 12) c
4. Skim Reading 2 for the questions below. 1) Which phrase can describe a A-type person? Competitive spirit
2) What does the example of first marathon runner illustrate? Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences 3) Why is the writer opposed to the practice of examinations? Some students are bound to fail
4) What is the selection of medical professionals currently based on? academic achievements
5) Choose Type A or B according to the given situations. Then share yours with your partners
and discuss 略
5. Integrate information in Reading 1 and Reading 2 and fill in the following table. About Reading 1 Similar ideas Reading 2a the Biological and genetic phenomena Personality is to a large extent formation of personality do have an impact on personality inherent About adults and happiness and extroversion seen in A-type parents usually bring about their children
6.Match the words and phrases with their definitions according to Reading 2. 1）f 2) g 3) l 4) j 5) d 6) h 7) c 8) i 9) e 10) a 11) b 12) k 8. Scan Reading 3 for the missing information in the table below.
Scientists or professors Karl Landsteiner Some scientists Time in 1900 Around The research content or purpose Find four blood types Blood type theory is used to push forward their adults can also be seen in children A-type offspring 1900 Takeji Furukawa 1927 own ideas of racial supremacy The Study of Temperament Through Blood Type
Persons My dad and I Blood types A character difficult to understand and hard to deal with My mom and my brother O insensitive and sometimes rather \Almost half of the O rebellious Taiwanese Most Asian people
9. Match the words and phrases with their definitions according to Reading 3. 1) d 2) k 3) h 4) f 5) j 6) g 7) a 8) l 9) e 10) c 11) b 12) i
12. Skim Reading 4 to decide which statement is the main idea of each paragraph. 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) c
13. Match the words and phrases with their definitions according to Reading 4. 1) h 2) f 3) j 4) b 5) c 6) l 7) a 8) d 9) k 10) e 11) g 12) i
14. Reread Reading 4 and decide whether the statements are inferred (I) or explicitly expressed
(E) or simply unsaid (U).
1) I (Para. 1) 2) I (Para. 2) 3) I (Para.1) 4) I (Para. 3, 4) 5) E (Para. 4) 6) E (Para. 5 ) 7)U (Para. 5) 8) I (Para. 5)
B passionate, creative and strong-minded
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