动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音，单数变复数，现在分词

现在分词变化，单数变复数，动词第三人称等

动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音

动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。

(1)一般动词在词尾加-s，-s在清辅音后读／s／，在浊辅音或元音后读／z／ds读／dz／，ts

读／ts／。如：

help→helps／helps／，know→knows／n?uz／，get→gets／gets／，read→reads／ri?dz／

(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es，-es读／iz／。如：

guess→guesses／'??siz／，fix→fixes／'fiksiz／，teach→teaches／'ti?t?iz／，wash→washes／'w??iz／

注意：go→goes／??uz／，do→does／d?z／

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，-ies读／iz／。如：

carry→carries／'k?riz／，fly→flies／flaiz／

注：在play→plays／pleiz／，say→says／sez／中，字母y前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s。 (4)特殊词例外。如：

be→is，have→has

以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s” ，一起读做[iz]。 如： close－closes [iz]

规则动词和不规则动词的过去式变化如下：

一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：

work—worked piay—played want--wanted act--acted 以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如：

live--lived move--moved decide--decided decline--declined hope--hoped judge—judged raise--raised wipe--wiped

以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：

study--studied try--tried copy--copied justify--justified cry--cried carry--carried embody--embodied empty--emptied

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop--stopped beg--begged fret--fretted drag--dragged drop—dropped plan--planned dot--dotted drip--dripped

注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go – went make – made get – got buy – bought come - came fly-flew

动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化

AB型

can -- could shall -- should will -- would may -- might

AAA型

cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit

hurt hurt hurt let let let must must must put put put set set set shut shut shut read read read

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become run ran run come came come

ABB型

bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought catch caught caught teach taught taught build built built lend lent lent send sent sent spend spent spent dig dug dug hang hung hung keep kept kept sweep swept swept smell smelt smelt lay laid laid say said said tell told told spit spat spat understand understood learn learnt learnt spoil spoilt spoilt win won won make made made find found found ABC型

begin began begun ring rang rung sink sank sunk blow blew blown grow grew grown throw threw thrown show showed shown choose chose chosen freeze froze frozen wake woke woken eat ate eaten give gave given ride rode ridden take took taken write wrote written are were been go went gone see saw seen 易错型

show showed shown feel felt felt

sleep slept slept leave left left spill spilt spilt pay paid paid sell sold sold sit sat sat

stand stood stood understood

mean meant meant shine shone shone have had had hear heard heard hold held held

drink drank drunk sing sang sung swim swam swum fly flew flown

know knew known draw drew drawn break broke broken forget forgot forgotten speak spoke spoken drive drove driven fall fell fallen hide hid hidden rise rose risen

mistake mistook mistaken am,is was been do did done lie lay lain

wear wore worn

draw drew drawn

fall fell fallen feel felt felt

hold held held help helped helped think thought thought thank thanked thanked take took taken talk talked talked get got got forget forgot forgotten meet met met mean meant meant hit hit hit hide hid hidden

ring rang rung bring brought brought eat ate eaten beat beat beaten lie lay lain lay laid laid

find found found found founded founded buy bought bought bring brought brought learn learnt learnt hear heard heard

名词复数的规则变化

一般情况 加 -s

1.清辅音后，读/s/; map-maps

2.浊辅音和元音后，读 /z/; car-cars bag-bags

以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches 以ce,se,ze, ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses

以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i 再加es， 读 /z/ baby---babies

名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people ，police， cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle，the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a） maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b) news 是不可数名词。

c) the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d) 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 \ <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)， trousers， clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双)； suit(套)； a pair of glasses； two pairs of trousers

6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters

水域，fishes（各种）鱼

动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下：

1）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。 go---going stand---standing

2）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭

音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。 arrive- arriving get- getting

3）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing.

例如： die—dying lie--lying。