基于单片机的智能交通灯控制系统设计论文 

毕 业 设 计 (论 文)

专 业 班 级 学生姓名 学 号

课 题 基于单片机的智能交通控制系统（硬件） 指导教师

2012年6月11日

毕业设计（论文）

基于单片机的智能交通控制系统

摘 要

交通控制系统是近现代社会随着物流、出行等交通发展产生的一套独特的公共管理系统。要保证高效安全的交通秩序，除了制定一系列的交通规则，还必须通过一定的科技手段加以实现。本文在对目前交通控制进行深入分析的基础上，运用检测传感、实时调整智能化控制的实现技术，将传感器监测、实时调整车辆通行时间的算法与单片机控制作用相结合，提出了基于单片机的交通控制系统设计方案。

8051单片机的交通灯控制系统由8051单片机、交通灯显示、LED倒计时、车流量检测及调整、违规检测、紧急处理、时间模式手动设置等模块组成。系统除基本交通灯功能外，还具有通行时间手动设置、可倒计时显示、急车强行通过、车流量检测及调整、交通异常状况判别及处理等相关功能。理论证明该系统能够简单、经济、有效地疏导交通，提高交通路口的通行能力。

本设计主要做了如下几方面的工作：一是确定系统交通控制的总体设计，包括，十字路口具体的通行禁行方案设计以及系统应拥有的各项功能，二是进行传感器的硬件电路、显示电路等的设计和基本功能要求。

关键词：交通控制，传感检测，AT89S51，倒计时显示

I

毕业设计（论文）

Abstract

Traffic control system is a modern society with logistics, travel etc of traffic development a unique set of public management system. To ensure the effective safety traffic, except for a series of traffic rules, still must through certain technological means to achieve. Based on analysis of traffic control, based on real-time detection sensor, adjust the implementation technology of intelligent control, real-time monitoring, sensor adjust vehicles time algorithm and single-chip microcomputer control function is proposed, which combines the traffic control system based on single chip design scheme.

The 8051 microcontroller control system consists of the traffic lights display, 8051 monolithic integrated circuits, and LED the countdown, traffic violation detection, emergency adjustment, manual mode, time as modules. In addition to the basic traffic function outside, still have time to manually set, can pass the countdown, car that forced through traffic, inspection and adjustment, transportation and processing abnormal discriminant functions. Theory shows that the system can simple, economic and effective relieves traffic, improve the crossroads capacity.

This design mainly do the following aspects: one is the work of the traffic control system design, including the crossroads, specific design and system should be restricted with each function, two is that the sensor, the hardware circuit design of the circuit and the basic function and requirement. Key Words: traffic control, sensing detection, displayand countdown ，AT89S51

II

毕业设计（论文）

目录

摘 要 ..........................................................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................. II 1 绪 论..................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1单片机交通控制系统的选题背景 ............................................................................................................1 1.2单片机交通控制系统选题的现实意义 ...................................................................................................1 1.3国内外研究现状及其发展 .........................................................................................................................3 1.3.1国内外交通控制技术 ..........................................................................................................................3 1.3.2交通控制存在的问题 ..........................................................................................................................6 1.4单片机交通控制系统主要研究的内容 ...................................................................................................7 2 单片机交通控制系统总体设计 ........................................................................................................................8 2.1单片机交通控制系统的通行方案设计 ...................................................................................................8 2.2单片机交通控制系统的功能要求 ............................................................................................................9 2.3单片机交通控制系统的基本构成及原理.............................................................................................11 3 系统硬件电路的设计........................................................................................................................................12 3.1系统硬件总电路构成及原理 ...................................................................................................................12 3.1.1系统硬件电路构成.............................................................................................................................12 3.1.2系统工作原理......................................................................................................................................13 3.2 AT89S51单片机简介.................................................................................................................................13 3.2.1单片机的概述......................................................................................................................................13 3.2.2 AT89S51芯片内部结构简介 ...........................................................................................................14 3.2.3 主要引脚功能 .....................................................................................................................................16 3.2.4 AT89S51芯片最小系统 ....................................................................................................................18 3.3其它硬件介绍及连接 ................................................................................................................................19 3.3.1车流量检测电路及模拟 ....................................................................................................................19 3.3.2违规检测电路及模拟 ........................................................................................................................22 3.3.3八段LED数码管 ...............................................................................................................................23 3.3.4其它器件...............................................................................................................................................25 4 系统软件程序的设计 .......................................................................................................................................29 4.1程序主体设计流程.....................................................................................................................................29 4.2理论基础知识..............................................................................................................................................31 4.2.1定时器原理 ..........................................................................................................................................31 4.2.2软件延时原理......................................................................................................................................31 4.2.3中断原理...............................................................................................................................................32 4.2.4消抖动程序 ..........................................................................................................................................32 结 论 ......................................................................................................................................................................33 致 谢 ......................................................................................................................................................................34 参考文献..................................................................................................................................................................35

毕业设计（论文）

附录 英文文献资料及翻译 ................................................................................................................................36