Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars
Teaching aims:
1. Talk about the science of stars 2. Practise giving instructions
4. Learn to use noun clauses as the subject
5. Learn to write an essay to show your problems and the way to overcome them.
6. Vocabulary: astronomy, atmosphere, violent, explode, surface, disappointed, gradually, cheer, mass, harmful, presence, in time, prevent ?from? depend on, now that, get the hang of, break out
The first period Intensive reading
Step Ⅰ Presentation
T: Hello, everyone! Today we will come to Unit 4, Astronomy. Before that I have a question: where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors? S1: Monkeys!
S2: Beijing Ren who lived many years ago. S3: dinosaurs ? T: Very good! Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth? S4: Full of water? Bs: I don’t know.
T: Do you want to get more information? Ss: Yes, we do.
T: Today we will learn something about how life began on earth. Turn to page 25. Let’s come to Warming up first.
Step Ⅱ Warming up
5. Read the three questions, while the students listen and follow. 6. Give the students several minutes to discuss the questions. 7. Collect answers from the class. 8. Check answers while discussing.
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
Get the students to discuss the questions on page 25 with their partners. Then ask the students to tell their stories. Encourage them to tell different stories, If they don’t know any, tell them some.
T: Now discuss these questions with your partners. Then I will ask some of you to tell us your stories. Are you clear? Ss: Yes.
a. Do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? Give an example if you know. b. Do you know what a scientific idea is? Read some stories to the students.
Pangu separates the sky from the earth; The Biblical Account; India; Japan; Europe; ?
Step Ⅳ Reading
1. Scanning
Get the students to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students to form a good habit of reading. Give the students a couple of minutes to look throuth the whole passage. Tell them to read silently and then ask some detailed questions about the text. Encourage them to express their ideas.
T: We are going to learn a passage about how life began on the earth. Now read the text quickly and then answer my questions. a. What was there on the earth before life began?
b. Why do scientist think there has never been life on the moon? c. Why do animals first appear in the sea? d. Why do green plants help life to develop?
e. Why were mammals different from other animals? Discuss the answers with the whole class. 2. Skimming
In this part, students will read the text again and finish part 1,2,3
T: Now skim the passage fast to finish part1,2,3,4 Then we will check the answers together.
Key to part 1: DBIGEHACFJ
Discuss the rest with the students.
Step Ⅴ Listening
Listen to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.
T: Read after the tape, then answer me some questions with your book closed.
a. How did water come into being on the earth?
b. Why is water important on earth?
Step Ⅵ Language points
T: Turn to page 25. Let’s look at the sentences: a. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour.
Which leads non-restrictive attributive clause. in time: sooner or later; eventually I will see him in time.
In time ( for sth/to do sth): not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner. In/out of time: in/not in the correct time The audience clapped in time to the music.
b. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going around the sun.
Be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways
City life is quite different from country life.
c. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. To come: serves as attributive
She is the last person to do such a thing. Depend on: something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
d. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. Now that: because of the fact that
Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.
Now that you have grown up, you can decide it by yourself.
Step Ⅶ Homework
1. Retell the passage
2. Remember important language points
The second period Language study
Step Ⅰ Revision
1. Check retelling of the passage
2. Translate the following sentences.
a. 你迟早会成功的. b. 我的车与你的不一样. c. 站在门旁边的那个人是谁? d. 他总是第一个来,最后一个走.
e. 既然你已经长大了,你自己决定吧.
Suggested answers:
a. You will succeed in time.
b. My car is different from yours.
c. Who is the person standing by the door?
d. He is always the first to come and the last to go.
e. Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.
Step Ⅱ Word study
This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. Ask the students to do the exercises individually. a. Page 27. First let students finish part 1,2 b. Check the answers with the whole class. c. Give students 3minutes to finish part 3.
d. Let the students read part 4 for a while and finish it.
e. Turn to page 63. First let the students finish 1and 2 and check the answers.
Step Ⅲ Preparation
Show some sentences on the blackboard. a. A tree has fallen across the road. b. You are a student.
c. To find your way can be a problem. d. Smoking is bad for you.
e. “How do you do?” is a greeting. f. What she said is not yet known. g. That we shall be late is certain. h. It’s certain that we shall be late .
T: What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Or find its subject in each sentence.
Step Ⅳ Grammar
1. Give the students some time to find the sentences in the passage. The collect answers from the class.
2. Show typical examples of how to make a subject clause. Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause. Teacher shows the example and Ss write down the sentences. 3. Turn to page 64. Read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences.
4. Have a discussion in pairs. The topic is My dream. One talks about the problems in his study or life, another gives some advice. Remind the students to use the following structures
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