定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。
常见考点：
1. 指物时只用 that 或 which 的情况
2. 介词+关系代词
3. whose 的用法及转换形式
4. as 与 which 的区别
5. 指人时 that 与 who 的区别
6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题 一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语（也就是形容词）的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词 （who, whom, that, which, whose）或关系副词(where, when, why)。如：
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
先行词 关系代词 二、关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：
词例 who 先行词 充当成分 人 主语 例句 This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我 生命的医生。 关系代词 whom 人 宾语 She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you. 她就 是那个我想告诉你的新学生。 that 人、物 主语、宾语 Football is a game that is liked by many people. 足球是一项许多人都喜爱的项目。 The man (that) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚碰 到的那个人是我的朋友。 which 物 主语、宾语 Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。 The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. 汤 姆 买的那本小说很有趣。 as 物 主语、宾 The earth, as is known to all, is round. 众所周知，地球 语 whose=of whom 人、物 定语 是圆的。 The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams. 他是威廉姆斯教授，他的女儿教你英语。 /of which 关系副词 when=at/in/on /during which 时间 状语 We will never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的日子。 where=at/in/to which why=for which 地点 状语 This is the house where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。 原因 状语 I know the reason why she works so well. 我知道她为何 工作出色的原因。 三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
限定性定语从句 从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如非限定性定语从句 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或 去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整 不明确 标点符号 从句与主句之间不用逗号分开 指人用 who/whom/that 指物用 which/that 从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开 指人用 who(作主语)/whom(作宾语) 指物用 which 指人和物用 whose 关系代词 指人和物用 whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省 关系代词一般不可省略 略 修饰 从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个词，也可修饰整个主句 翻译 定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子 定语(先翻译从句再翻译先行词) 四、关系代词的选用
1. 只能用 that 作关系代词的情况
说明 1 当先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one 等不定代词时(something 除外) 2 例句 Pay attention to everything that I do. 注意我所做的一切。 当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much He has little time that he can spare. 他几乎抽不出 等修饰时 3 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 一点时间。 This is the best novel (that) I have read. 这是我读 过的最好的小说。 4 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时 They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 他们正在谈论他们记得的在中学里的人和事。 5 当先行词被 the only, the last, the very, the same This is the last time that I want to see you. 这 是 最 后一次我想见到你。 Which of the students that knows something about 等等修饰时 6 当疑问词 who, which, what 开头的特殊疑问句 中，为了避免重复只用 that history? 了解历史的学生是哪一位? 7 当定语从句为 there be 句型时，关系代词只能 This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. 这 用 that，也可以省略 是去北京最快的火车。 8 当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时， China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是以 关系代词只能用 that，也可以省略 2. 指物只能用 which 不用 that 的情况
前的中国了。 说明 1 在非限定性定语从句中 例句 St. Peterburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city. 圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。 2 在介词后面 This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住的那个屋 子。 3. 指人时只能用 who 不用 that 的情况
说明 先行词为 one, ones, those, anyone, 例句 Those who break the law must be punished. 那些违反法律的人必须 受到惩罚。 he 时 4. as 与 which
as 与 which 均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别
说明 例句 与 such 或 the same 连用时，一般用 as Such money as he earned was spent on books. 他挣得那些钱被花 在了买书上。 as 引导的从句可以放在句首，as 表 As we all know, the earth is round. 正如我们所知道的，地球是 圆的。 “正如……”之意 当 as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接动 She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在预料 词的被动语态 当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只 之中。 My parents treat me as a baby, which I can’t bear. 我父母常常把 我当小孩看，这是我难以忍受的。 能用 which 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如：
Don’t choose me, who am not fit for the job. 别选我，我不适合这份工作。
考点练透
一、单句填空 请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1. Because of my poor memory, all
you told me has been forgotten. we spent along the seashore very happily? 2. Do you remember those days
3. Those
want to go please sign their names here.
is sweeping the floor over there?
4. Who is the woman
5. The man
you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
he had stolen to the police.
6. Finally, the thief handed over everything 7. This is the very letter
came last night. we worked a year ago.
you have told him.
8. This is the factory
9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all 10. Do you work near the building
colour is yellow?
came as a surprise.
11. Alice received an invitation from her boss,
12. I live in the house
windows face south. they drank all the wine I had.
13. They stayed with me three weeks, 14. The room
Mr. White lives is not very large. is to be published next month.
was unexpected. 15. I have finished writing the novel,
16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, 17. The old man had three sons, all of 18. I have bought two pens, both of
died during the World War Ⅱ. write well. she has changed her mind?
proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
19. Do you know the reason
20. He failed in the exam,
21.
was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
will make us better and wiser.
22. We should read such books 23. He is absent,
is often the case.
I have come to your city. has the same idea as it will do it in this way. I lived in the country with the farmers, has a great
24. It is the first time
25. Who
26. I shall never forget those days effect on my life.
27. This is the only book
I can find.
handwriting is the best.
you show me. 28. This is the only one of the students 29. You must show your wife the same respect
30. This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980.
二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday there was a very exciting debate at Xinhua Middle School about whether medical cloning should be allowed or not. 1 a lively discussion a vote was cast and the side arguing for medical cloning won. The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion ( 议 案 ). They argued that serious illnesses and people 2 have lost their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They 3 (explain) that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patients.
They quoted that 67% of American citizens are for it 4 (support) their idea. Their arguments were very 5
(convince).
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