英语句子成分
（一）
句子主要成分有 主语和谓语；次要成分有 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 。
（二） 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代
词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语
During the 1990s, America n country music has become more and more popular. We ofte n speak En glish in class. On e-third of the stude nts in this class are girls.
To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoki ng does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. It is n ecessary to master a foreig n Ian guage.
Whe n we are going to have an En glish test has not bee n decided.
（三）谓语：动词做谓语，谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的 构成如下:
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 女口： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 女口： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （ 2）由系动词加表语构成。
女口： We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如
be,
become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数
词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句表示。
例如：划出表语并说出有什么词充当
Our teacher of En glish is an America n.
The weather has turned cold.
Three times seve n is twenty one?
His hobby is play ing football. Time is up. The class is over.
Is it yours?
The speech is excit ing. His job is to teach En glish. The mach ine must be out of order. The truth is that he has n ever bee n
abroad.
（五） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 例如：
They went to see an exhibiti on yesterday.
The heavy rain preve nted me from coming to school on time. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He prete nded not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music. office.
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictio nary,
I think（ that）he is fit for his
please.
2）复合宾语（宾语 + 宾补），例如：They elected him their mo nitor.
（六） 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个 宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动 词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、 介词短语和从句充当。 例如：
His father n amed him Dongming. Let the fresh air in. They pain ted their boat white.
You mustn ' t force him to lend Isi money to you.
We saw her en ter ing the room. We found everyth ing in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now.
（七） 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分 表示：名词，形容词，代词，分词，动名词，不定式短语，介词短语等 例如：找出定语并看由何种成分充当：
Guili n is a beautiful city.
Chi na is a develop ing coun try; America is a developed coun try. There are thirty wome n teachers is our school. His rapid progress in En glish made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
The teach ing pla n for next term has bee n worked out. He is read ing an article about how to lear n En glish.
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子 成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the n ati onal college en tra nee exam in ati on.语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you beg in, you must con ti nue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn t go ' the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it does n
（条件状语.）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
英语句子结构
不定式短
（
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