Unit 2 Working the land Part 1 Teaching Design 第一部分 教学设计
Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The –ing form as the Subject & Object)
Introduction
In this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions, and then to discover and learn to use the following useful structures: the –ing form as the subject & object. The following steps of teaching may be taken: Warming up reading the text aloud，Discovering useful words and expressions，Read and identify，Consolidating by doing exercises，Ready used materials for the –ing form as the Subject & Object，Closing down by doing a quiz. Objectives
To learn about the –ing form as the Subject & Object
To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures
1. Warming up by reading the text aloud
Reading aloud to the recording of the text improves our literacy skills — reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Now read the text aloud. So let’s first review the text learned yesterday by reading it aloud. Try to force out your English slowly and clearly. 2. Discovering useful words and expressions
In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 12. You are to finish them in 5 minutes. 3. Read and identify
Read the text about Yuan Longping again, paying attention to the sentences which use the –ing form as the subject and object.
In the sentence ―Wishing for things, however, cost nothing.” the –ing form is used as a
subject.
It can be also used as an object of the sentence. For example: Yuan Longping likes playing his violin.
4. Consolidating by doing exercises
To consolidate your understanding you will be given 10 minutes to go over the exercises on page 13. You may just write the answer on your text book. I mean the student’s book you are working by.
5. Studding the ready used materials for the –ing form as the Subject & Object
Verbals -Gerund A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals (Participles, and Infinitives), is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.
A Gerund Phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:
The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence. Finding (gerund) Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than a needle (direct object of action what we're trying to do. expressed in gerund) in a haystack (prepositional phrase as adverb) I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity. The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the verb appreciate.
my (possessive pronoun adjective form, modifying the gerund) offering (gerund) you (indirect object of action expressed in gerund) this opportunity (direct object of action expressed in gerund) The gerund phrase functions as the subject complement. Newt's favorite tactic has been lying to his lying to (gerund) constituents(委托人). his constituents (direct object of action expressed in gerund) The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for. faking (gerund) You might get in trouble for faking an illness to an illness (direct object of action avoid work. expressed in gerund) to avoid work (infinitive phrase as adverb) The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence. Being the boss made Jeff feel uneasy. Being (gerund) the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed in gerund)
Points to remember: 1. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s). 3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. Gerund as subject:
? Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
c.f.: The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
● We usually use the empty subject it with a clause or to-infinitive, but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning
Studying English is sometimes boring. Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. Playing chess requires great concentration. Speaking English is always useful when traveling abroad.
● After it is not good/ it is no use /etc., we usually use the v-ing form as the real subject of the sentence.
? It(formal subject) is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure, etc. + doing… It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.
It's no use saying, ''We are doing our best.'' You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary. ? It(formal subject) is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile, etc. + doing…
It is worth driving to the lake to have a look around. It is good playing chess after supper. It is useless speaking. ? There is(was) no + doing
There is no denying that she is very efficient. There is no telling what he is going to do.
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. Gerund as direct object:
? They do not appreciate my singing.
c.f.: They do not appreciate my assistance. Will you admit having broken the window?
The watch needs repairing.
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