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八年级下册5-6单元知识的总结
UNIT 5 Topic 1
语法：主系表结构。主语+系动词+表语（形容词），系动词：be(is am are), look, sound, taste, smell, feel, turn, get, become, go, seem等。
例句：You look excited. / They are lucky./ He seems a little unhappy./ It tastes delicious.
词，词组的用法：invite:“邀请” , invite sb. to do sth. : 邀请某人做某事
invite sb. to +地点 : 邀请某人去哪里
say thanks to : 向…道谢 one of +可数名词复数：…中的一个 以-ed 结尾的形容词表示“感到…的”，修饰人，以-ing结尾的形容词表示“令人…的”，修饰物。 这样的词有：excited/exciting, surprised/surprising, interested/interesting等
None：“（三者或三者以上）都不”, 表示全部否定，可与of 连用。None of....做主语时，谓语动词习惯用单数，也可以用复数。
What a shame!=what a pity! 真遗憾！ a ticket to/ for…: ....的票/入场券 Seem 的用法：seem + adj.
seem to do: eg: She seems to think so. 她似乎认为如此。
Seem+ that从句 eg: It seems that they know everything.他们好像知道一切
Seem to be ： eg: Tom certainly did not seem to be a fool.汤姆当然不像是个傻瓜
Seem与look 的区别：look强调通过视觉来看
Seem则是根据某种判断而得出的结论
be pleased with sth.: 对…感到满意/高兴 eg: He is pleased with his new bike. be pleased to do sth. 对做某事感到高兴满意 eg: I am pleased to stay here. be proud of…: 以…为骄傲
ring up sb.=phone sb.=telephone sb.=call (up) sb. 给某人打电话 care for sb.=look after sb=take care of sb 照顾某人
alone与lonely的区别 ：①alone可用作形容词，也可用作副词；lonely只能做
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adj
②alone是陈述一个“独自”的客观事实，无感情色彩，lonely则描述一种“寂寞的”情绪，感情色彩浓厚③lonely还可以表示地点偏僻
because of+ 名词、代词：由于… because 后跟句子 ：因为… fill with= be full of 充满，装满 agree 的用法：agree to do 同意做某事
agree with sb/sth 与…意见一致
be afraid to do： 意为“害怕，不敢做某事”,指对做某事内心感到恐惧或没有勇气做
eg: He was afraid to go out alone at night.
be afraid of doing : “害怕发生某事”，指不情愿做 eg : She was afraid of waking the baby.
at the end of…:在（时间或地点的）尽头、末尾 in the end = at last ：最后
UNIT 5 Topic 2
语法：Ⅰ.原因状语从句：引导原因状语从句的连接词有because，as，for等（用
法详见课本122页）
Ⅱ.形容词、副词比较等级
原级的用法：表示双方在程度上相等时，用原级，其结构为：“as +形
容词或副词的原级+ as ”，eg: I live as happily as before. 表示双方不相等时，结构为：“not as/so +形容词或副词的
原级+ as ”
eg: The food was not as/so delicious as ours.
词、词组的用法：be sorry to do…=be sorry for doing sth.: 因做某事感到抱歉 be sorry about sth.: 为…感到难过
do badly in… 在某方面做的不好 do well in…在某方面做的好
be strict with sb.: 对某人要求严格 be strict in/about sth: 在某方面要求严格 表建议的句型：You’d better + do 你最好…
Why not+ do…?=why don’t you do…? 为什么不…？
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How/ what about doing sth? …怎么样？ experience :做“经历”时为可数名词，做“经验”时为不可数名词 get/be used to sth: 习惯、适应… get/be used to doing :习惯做某事 receive：客观上“收到”某物 accept：主观上愿意“接受、接纳” refuse to do :拒绝做某事 refuse sth. :拒绝… be angry with sb: 生某人的气
not…any longer = no longer 表示时间上“不再” UNIT 5 Topic3
语法：使役动词：就是叫别人去做某事，常见的使役动词有：make , let, have, get 等
make 的用法: make+宾语+名词：“使…成为…”。Your classmates make you monitor.
make+宾语+形容词：“使…处于某种状态” Illness ususally makes us sad.
make+宾语+动词原形：“使…做…” It makes me feel nervous. make+宾语+介词短语：make yourself at home.
let的用法: let + 宾语+ 动词原形 His father doesn’t let him smoke. let + 宾语+副词 let him out
let + 宾语+介词短语 let him into the house
let us 与 let’s 的区别：let us do sth :“让（允许）我们做某事”，即提出请求，请对方允许
let’s do sth:“咱们去做某事吧”，即提出建议，建议双方一起做
have是“使，命令，让”的意思，用法：have+宾语+动词原形：让某人做某事 have+宾语+形容词：让某人保持或处于某种状态 词、词组的用法：
Can’t be :“不可能”，表示否定推测， must 表肯定推测 hate to do 讨厌做某事 take medicne 吃药
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take turns to do sth: 轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 get along with 与…相处
in a bad mood in bad/low spirits be bad for … in a good mood in good/high spirits be good for… too+形容词或副词+to do 太…而不能… UNIT 6 Topic 1
语法：动词不定式，基本构成形式是“ to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to ，否定形式为 not to do 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独做谓语 用法：在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语，状语，和宾语补足语
① 做主语：相当于名词或代词的作用，不定式做主语往往用形式主语it 替代，而将不定式置于句尾t
eg：To learn an art is very difficult.=It is very difficult to learn an art. 学习一门艺术很难。
②做宾语：一般跟在谓语动词后面。 begin, try, need, plan, forget, decide, agree, like 等后面常接动词不定式做宾语。
③ 做表语：常用来表示预定要发生的动作，一般跟在be 动词之后 eg: Your task is to find out the cost by bus
④ 做定语：可以用来修饰人和物，放在被修饰词后面。
eg: The best way to get there is by bus. She wants a big house to live in. ⑤ 做状语：多表目的，结果，原因
eg: They organized a show to raise money.(目的状语) I’m very pleased to hear the good news.(原因状语)
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.(结果状语)
⑥做宾语补足语：“动词+宾语+ to do” 动词ask, tell, invite, allow, wish等后面多接不定式做宾语补足语，其中make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, feel, hear等感官动词后面接不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语 eg：I hear him sing in the next room. He asked me to help him. ⑦动词不定式可与疑问词how, what, which, where, when等连用 eg: I don’t know what to do.
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⑧动词不定式的复合结构：即不定式用of或for 引出逻辑主语
当形容词表示客观情况，描述不定式的特征性质时常用for引出不定式的逻辑主语
此结构为：it is +adj+ for sb. to do sth., 此类形容词有easy, hard, difficult, interesting等
eg: It’s easy for us to complete the task.
当形容词表示人的性格、品德或主观态度时，用of 引出不定式的逻辑主语 此结构为：it is +adj.+of sb. to do sth, 此类形容词有nice，kind，good，wise，clever等
eg: It is very kind of you to help me. UNIT 6 Topic 2
语法：时间状语从句，引导词有when, while, as , as soon as , after, before, till , until
① when, while ，as引导的时间状语从句：when通常指时间点，有时也可指一段时间，表示主句和从句的动作或状态同时发生，谓语动词可用瞬时动词或持续性动词；while只表示一段时间，因此while 引导的从句的谓语动词要用持续性动词，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。当when引导的从句指一段时间时，when和while可以互换。 as 引导的时间状语从句往往可以与when，while互换，它通常表示动作发生的过程而不是状态，着重主句和从句的动作同时发生，有“随着…”或“一边…一边”之意 eg: I’d like you to meet him when he arrives.
When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in. We always sing as we walk. ② before , after 引导的时间状语从句
before引导时间状语从句，意为“在…之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前
after引导时间状语从句，意为“在…之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后
③ as soon as 引导时间状语从句：表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就
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发生
eg：I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.
④ until, till 引导的时间状语从句：意为“直到…”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式，当主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词时，主句常用否定形式， not…until 直到…才
eg: You may stay here till/until the rain stops.
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.
⑤ 时间状语从句的时态：主将从现，主过从过，主现从句可用任意时态 词、词组的用法：be busy doing sth.:忙于做某事 she is busy doing her homework.
be busy with sth. ：忙于… she is busy with her homework
across:介词“穿过”，表示动作是在某一物体表面进行 walk across the street through：介词“穿过”，表示动作是在某空间内进行 go through the forest in +the +方位词+of：用于在某一范围内的地区 Taiwan is in the southeast part of China
on+the +方位词+of: 用于相互接壤且互不管辖的两个地区 Heilongjiang is on the north of Jilin
to +the +方位词+of：用于互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地区 Japan is to the east of China.
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