advertising slots, it is bad for the technology giants’ reputations. When self-interest is not enough, governments can urge the firms to tighten up—as German lawmakers have, threatening huge lines.
The strongest measure is now laws. But us in the offline world, legislators (立法者) must strike a balance between security and liberty. They should set out to be clear and narrow about what is illegal—which will also help platforms deal with posts quickly and consistently.
In the past, Internet firms have tended to “build it first, figure out the rules later”. However, the arguments about terrorism and extremist content are a reminder that the lawless era of the early Internet is over. Technology firms must accept it as part of the responsibility that comes with their new-found power and as part of the price of their success.
61. Why is there charge with the technology firms? A. They fail to monitor everything harmful. B. They help spread violent material online. C. They provide platforms for terrorists to work. D. They permit people to host child pornography.
62. The underlined phrase “he wrapped in government red tape” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”.
A. be controlled by the government B. be protected by the government C. he investigated by the government D. be supported by the government 63. What can he done to fight terrorism? A. Perfect security should be guaranteed. B. Legal restrictions must be comprehensive. C. Regulating the Internet can serve as a shortcut. D. Tech firms could do more to help slop jihadists.
64. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Terror and new laws
B. Terror and the Internet
C. Tech firms and their responsibilities D. The Internet and its bad consequences
D
Environment: A journey on plastic seas
The story of a voyage bearing witness to plastic pollution in the oceans, Junk Raft is an exciting, thought-provoking and factually grounded read. Science educator and researcher Marcus Erikson’s navigational feat (航海壮举) is holding readers, attention and interest—88 days crossing some 4,000 kilometres of open ocean between California and Hawaii in 2008, on a raft made of 15,000 plastic bottles wrapped in fishing nets. Bui it is more. Woven through the written records of a series of events are two equally fascinating storylines: Eriksen’s evolution from soldier to research director of the environmental non-profit 5 Gyres Institute in Los Angeles, California, and the journey we all need to take towards a more sustainable use of plastics.
Around 15% of all the litter in our oceans in plastic, and an estimated 5 million tonnes of plastic waste enter the seas annually. Unavoidably, this pollutes sea habitats worldwide and, as Eriksen explains, it is now present at the sea surface and on shorelines, in Arctic seas and on the sea bed at depths of 3,500 metres. Around 700 sea species, from sea turtles and corals to sperm whales and albatrosses, are known to come into contact with pieces of waste plastic material-and can be harmed or killed by taking in it or becoming twisted and caught in it. There are also concerns about plastics accumulating in commercially important species of fish and shellfish. The waters and shores of Hawaii are particularly heavily polluted, giving a rationale (理由) for Eriksen’s destination.
This environmental challenge has attracted increasing scientific, media and societal attention in recent years, yet few accounts have conveyed the wider picture accessibly. Junk Raft does just this—while exposing our frustratingly slow progress on an issue of major importance to fisheries, tourism and, finally, the health of the world’s oceans.
Eriksen catalogues the issues associated with the accumulation of sea plastic: the causes, consequences and potential solutions. Our throwaway culture is the main culprit (罪魁祸首). For more than 60 years, society and industry have been producing more and
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