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英语初高中衔接教材(基础知识部分)lily

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初高中衔接教材

1. -an, -ian 表示“??地方的人;精通??的人”,如: American, historian ,technician 2. -ant, -ent 表示“??者”,如:servant, student, assistant 3. -eer 表示“从事于??的人”,如: engineer, volunteer ? 4. -er 表示“从事某种职业的人;某地方的人”,如: banker, waiter ,Londoner, villager ? 5. -or 表示“??者”,如: actor, author, doctor, operator, monitor,director, 6. -ess 表示女性人称名词,如: actress, hostess, manageress ? 7. -ese 表示“??国人,??地方的人”,如: Japanese, Chinese 8. -ist 表示“从事??研究者;信仰??主义者”, pianist, dentist, artist, chemist, B. 构成具有抽象含义的名词: 1. -ance, -ence 表示“性质;状况;行为;过程;总量;程度”,如: importance, diligence, violence 2. -dom 表示“等级,领域,状态”,如: freedom, kingdom, wisdom. 3. -hood 表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”,如: childhood, manhood, fatherhood ? 4. -ion, - sion, -tion, - ation , -ition 表示“行为的过程、结果、状况”

如: action, direction, operation, position, question

5. -ity 表示“性质;状态,程度”,如: reality, safety,unity, beauty 6. -ment 表示“状态、过程、手段及其结果”,如: judgment, experiment,development,movement

equipment,improvement?

7. -ness 表示“性质;状态;程度”,如: kindness, friendliness? 8. -ship 表示“技能及身份,职业”,如: hardship, friendship, membership, relationship? 9 -th 表示“动作;性质;过程;状态”,如: depth, width, length, strength, wealth, truth? 10 -ics 表示?科学 politics, mathematics,

11-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词 socialism, tourism, 12 带有学术,科技含义:-ology 表示“??学;??论”,如: biology, technology? ( 2 )形容词后缀

1.-able,-ible表示可能的,可以的 acceptable,movable, impossible 2.-al表示有?的属性 natural,special,central,

3.-nt有些是从动词派生来的 significant在意义的, important,

intelligent聪明的convenient便利的,方便的, fluent流利的,流畅的,frequent频繁的 5.-ful由名词构成形容词 useful,successful,helpful 6.-less表示没有?的 useless,lifeless,fruitless

9. -ive由动词构成形容词 active , sensitive灵敏的,,imaginative想象、富有想象力的, 10. -ous表示具有?的、有?特性的 dangerous,serious, 11. -en 表示“由某种物质形成,制成或生产”,如: wooden, golden ? 12. -ern, -ward 表示“方向”,如: eastern, western, downward, forward ? ( 3 )动词后缀

1,-ate多用于外来词构成动词 operate操作,手术,migrate移动, 2,-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使?

weaken,soften,thicken,strengthen,shorten, deepen, lengthen,quicken ,lighten,sharpen 3,-ize,-ise加在形容词或名词上,表示?化 realize, modernize , 4. -fy 表示“使??化;使成”,如: beautify, purify (净化), simplify (简化)? ( 4 )副词后缀

1. -ly ,如: possibly, quickly, simply ? 2. -ward, -wards,朝向 如: inwards (向内), upward?

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初高中衔接教材

第三章 句子的成分和基本句型

一 句子的成分

一、主语

Lily likes her new bike. He gets up early every day. To learn English well is not easy. 二、谓语

We work hard.。 The boy caught a bird. He is my father.。 They all look fine.

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。:

I am reading. You are reading. He\\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语

Tom bought a story-book. I saw him yesterday. He wanted to have a cup of tea.

直接宾语和间接宾语

He gave me some ink .

间接宾语 直接宾语

Our teacher told us an interesting story. 四、表语

My sister is a nurse. They were at home.

She got angry. Her grandfather is over eighty years old. 五、定语

This is a green cup. Are these students your classmates? Winter is the coldest season of the year. I have something important to tell you. The people here are very friendly. 六、状语

You are quite right . Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. He stopped to have a look. 七、宾语补足语 We call her Xiao Li.

宾语 宾语补足语

You must keep the room clean and tidy. John asked me to help him with his Chinese. I will have my hair cut tomorrow.

We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.

句子成分巧记歌诀

主谓宾表定状补, 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾(表),枝叶成分定状补。 定语修饰主宾表, 宾语之后常有补。 主谓人称数一致, 状语位置最灵活。

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初高中衔接教材

Exercises:

指出下列句子的成分。 1.We all study hard at English. 2.Betty likes her new bike very much. 3.My brother is a policeman. 4.Were you at home last night? 5.Winter is the coldest season of the year. 6.He often walks in the park.

7.Mary asked me to help her yesterday. 8.He bought me a nice present last week. 9.His parents are doctors. 10.I’ll get you some tea now.

二 简单句的基本句型

由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句。1.S+V;(主语 + 不及物动词)

I can swim. Everything changes. 2.S+V+O;(主语++及物动词+宾语)

I like English. They are reading books . 3.S+V+P;(主语+连系动词+表语)

My mother is a scientist. She looks young. 4.S+V+IO+DO;(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)

My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. Can you give me the math book? 5.S+V+O+Oc;(主语+及物动词+宾语+补语) We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.

My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.

简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀:

英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。 句型种类看动词,后接成分是关键。 系词之后接表语,不及物后无需连。 及物又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见。 还有宾语补足语,各种搭配记心间。

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初高中衔接教材

Exercises:

一 指出下列句子的基本类型 1.They are listening. 2.My mother is fifty now. 3.I have bought three books.

4.My friend gave me a birthday present. 5.I painted the wall white.

6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day. 7.They arrived at six o’clock. 8.The map is on the wall 9.Children often sing this song. 10.Mr Wu teaches us English.

11.She showed her friends all her pictures. 12.I find him a lovely boy. 二 翻译以下句子,注意句子结构

1.主语+系动词+表语

他感到太累了。 教室很干净。

他出去了。 会议结束了。 .

2. 主语+不及物动词

马突然停下来了。 我昨晚睡得好。 我经常在夏天去游泳。 他消失了。

3. 主语+及物动词+宾语

宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等。 她经常帮助我。 她想要帮助我。 她同意帮助我。 我喜欢唱歌。

4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

他给了我他的电话号码。 他教我英语。

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