中考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解

一、考点分析

1. 概述

阅读是语言学习的主要目的之一。阅读理解已经成为全面评估学生英语测试水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重也比较大，它不仅考察学生综合运用英语语言知识的能力，而且考察学生的速度及理解能力。 2. 题型分析

从近几年初中升学考试试卷来看，阅读理解考题的类型就是单选题四选一。这类题型的选项应在理解短文的基础上做出判断，坚持短文内容与考项对比的方法，把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来。主要有四个考点：具体细节，主旨大意，判断推理，词义猜测。

此外纵观这几年全国各地的中考“阅读理解”试题，用于阅读理解测试的语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。因此，要做好中考英语试题中的语篇“阅读理解”题，需要我们具备较强的“阅读”和“理解”能力。其中包括：阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;阅读、理解各种图表的能力;快速阅读能力;根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。还有合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。

二、专题详解

1. 主旨大意型

考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多

数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是： 1) Which is the best title of the passage? 2) Which of the following is this passage about? 3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______. 4) The passage tells us that______. 5) This passage mainly talks about_______.

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6). What is the main idea of this passage? 7). What is the author’s main point? 8). The main purpose of the passage? 9). The title of this passage would be ____.

做这类题，要找准主题句。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归

纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案。 1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。

2)干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3)干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。 例如：

The song of the sky bird, The warmth of the sun, The rushing of clear streams(溪流) And new life begun Are gifts we should cherish(珍惜) So join in the call To try to protect them For the future of all. 32. The writing tells us we need to . A. protect our earth

B. save the time

C. look after ourselves D. help each other

很显然这道题最佳答案应该是 A，因为诗歌的最后一句表明了主旨大意要求我们去保护环境。

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Spain is famous for its tomato festival, called La Tomatina. It happens in a small town named Bunol on the last Wednesday of August every year. During the festival there are all kinds of activities，but the most exciting part is the tomato fight. It takes place at the end of a week-long celebration (庆祝）.You are encouraged to throw tomatoes in the fight. 47. The best title of the passage can be A. Travel in Spain B. The Tomato Festival in Spain C. The History of Spain D. Rules of the Tomato Festival

很显然由文章第一句可知讲的是西班牙的西红柿节，最佳答案应该是 B。

2. 具体细节型

解题原则：忠于原文，联系上下文，理清全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文中找到，找出最贴近原话的选项。

此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是： 1) Which of the following is right? 2) Which of the following is not mentioned? 3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? 4) Choose the right order of this passage. 5) From this passage we know ________. 例如：

Uber is an American company that provides a taxi service through an app on the smart phone. It was set up in March, 2009 and has grown quickly. An app，in fact，is a computer program working on smart phones，computers and other communication devices（设备）. By using your smart phone, you can easily and quickly order a taxi that takes you to the place you want to go.

34.Uber app is .

A. a computer program B.a name of a taxi driver C. an American company D.a kind of smart phone

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从文中划线句可以看出答案是A.

In 1939 Roald became a pilot, but he had a bad accident. It made him limp(瘸的) for the rest of his life. After this, Roald went to America where he wrote a story about his experience as a pilot. It was so good that it was put in a magazine. 35. After Roald went to America, he . A. lost his parents in a plane accident B. wrote a story about his pilot experience C. got married with an English film star D. won a big prize for his book Matilda 从划线句我门可以找到这道题的答案是B。

3. 词义猜测型

同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。

反义法如 hot and cold，give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总

之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。

释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 情景推断法、代词替代法等 其主要提问方式是：

1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________. 2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______. 3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________. 4) Here “it” means________.

5) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_____.

例如：

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