Grammar and Vocabulary Week 2 Focus:
? Vocabulary:
Word formation exercises ? English Nouns
? Number: Plural vs. singular ? Gender: Masculine vs. feminine ? nominalization
练习二、含数字前缀的术语
1. 请说出下列与数字相关的英语前缀含义。 1) uni- 2) mono- 3) multi- 4) poly- 5) semi- 6) hemi- 7) di- 8) bi-
9) amphi-; ambi- 10) tri-
11) quadr(i)- 12) tetra- 13) penta- 14) quin(qu)- 15) hexa- 16) sept(i)- 17) oct(a)- 18) deca- 19) deci- 20) hect(a)- 21) cent- 22) centi- 23) kilo 24) milli- 25) mega- 26) micro- 27) nano-
2．根据以上英语前缀，确定与下列汉语术语对应的英语词
1) 半导体，半球，多维系统，聚氯乙烯
2) 单轨铁路，单声道录音，单晶硅，一氧化碳 3) 二极管，二进制，两栖动物，双翼飞机 4) 三方会谈，三脚凳，三极管，三基色的 5) 四极管，四肢瘫痪，四头肌， 四环素 6) 五角大楼，现代五项，六边形，六价 7) 七项全能，七价的，八进制，八极管， 8) 十进制， 分贝， 分米，十项全能 9) 厘米，百米，毫米，千米
10) 兆字节，兆赫，微米，纳米技术
1) 半导体semiconductor，半球hemisphere，多维系统multidimensional system，聚
氯乙烯 polyvinylchloride / polyvinyl chloride / PVC
2) 单轨铁路monorail，单声道录音monophonic recording，单晶硅monocrystalline silicon，一氧化碳carbon monoxide
3) 二极管diode，二进制binary system，两栖动物amphibians，双翼飞机biplane 4) 三方会谈Three-Party Talks / tripartite talks，三脚凳tripod /trestle，三极管triode，三基色的trichromatic
5) 四极管tetrode/ quadrode，四肢瘫痪quadriplegia/ tetraplegia，四头肌quadriceps，
四环素tetracycline
6) 五角大楼the Pentagon，现代五项modern pentathlon，六边形hexagon / sexangle，
六价sexavalence/ sexavalencey / sexavalent 7) 七项全能heptathlon，七价的heptavalent，八进制octonary/ octal number system，
八极管octode，
8) 十进制decimal system， 分贝decibel， 分米decimetre，十项全能decathlon 9) 厘米centimetre，百米hectometre，毫米millimetre，千米kilometre
10) 兆字节megabyte(MB)，兆赫megahertz，微米micrometer，纳米技术
nanotechnology (NT)
3. 根据以上英语数字前缀，给出下列词语的汉译
1) hemicrystalline, semiaquatic crocodiles, polycrystalline silicon, multiple cutting edge
tool
2) monomolecular reactions, monochromatic, unidirectional, unicellular organisms, 3) bicentennial, bifocal glasses, dioxin, an ambidextrous handgun 4) a triphibian monster, trilingual, trichloroethylene, the Triassic 5) tetraoxide, tetratomic, quadruvalent, quadruple transistor 6) pentahydrade, quniquemolecular reaction, hexatomic, sextet 7) septet, heptode, octangular, octonary signaling 8) decameter wave, duodecimal, deciliter, decimeter
9) centipede, bicentennial quincentenary, millennium bug, millimeter 10) megavolt, megacycle, microwave, nanocircuit
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1) hemicrystalline半结晶的，半晶质的, semiaquatic crocodiles半水生的鳄鱼,
polycrystalline silicon多晶硅, multiple cutting edge tool多刃刀具 2) monomolecular reactions单分子反应, monochromatic单色的, unidirectional单向
的, unicellular organisms单细胞生物（体）, 3) bicentennial两百周年（的）, bifocal glasses双光眼镜；双重焦点透镜, dioxin二恶
英, an ambidextrous handgun可任意用左手或右手射击的手枪 4) a triphibian monster, trilingual, trichloroethylene三氯乙烯, the Triassic三叠纪 5) tetroxide四氧化物, tetratomic四原子的, quadrivalent四价的, quadruple transistor 6) pentahydrate五水化物, quniquemolecular reaction五分子反应, hexatomic六原子
的, sextet六个一组；六重奏（乐团）； 7) septet七人组；七重奏, heptode七极管, octangular八边形的；八角的, octonary
signaling八进制信号发送；八进制通信 8) decameter wave十米波, duodecimal十二进制的, deciliter分升, decimeter分米 9) centipede蜈蚣；百足虫, bicentennial， quincentenary第五百周年, millennium bug
千年虫, millimetre毫米
10) megavolt兆伏, megacycle兆周=megahertz, microwave微波, nanocircuit 纳米（集
成）电路,毫微（集成）电路,超小型集成电路
? 将下列句子中有下划线的词语译成汉语
1) Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labour figure prominently. The price which society pays for the law, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is great. 2) Even strong defenses sometimes falter; when they do, it's time for incident response. 3) Automatic controls inside the transmission supply the proper ratio for the driving
condition.
4) We use high-frequency (HF) or short-wave radio to communicate over long distances
because it is convenient, although distorted at times.
5) Equipment manufacturers are also developing radios that automatically compensate for changes in the ionosphere and for interference from other users.
6) No war has ever started with such a victory for one side at the very beginning of the hostilities. 7) Reversing thousands of years of official hostility to the world outside the Great Wall,
Deng said simply:” Isolation landed China in poverty, backwardness and ignorance.” 8) Unlike satellite communications, or SATCOMS, standard HF transmitters and receivers can be cheap, light and compact, and require little power to operate.
9) The E Region, at around 110 kilometers, is more helpful during the day. It may be able
to reflect HF transmissions. 10) Automotive transmissions can either be manual or automatic.
? Put the following bracketed words in their proper forms. 1) His family ____(be) all music lovers.
2) The entire community ____(be) behind the project.
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3) The faculty ____ (be) each qualified, experienced, and dedicated design educators who
bring enthusiasm, knowledge, and conviction to the program. 4) England ______ (be) the _____(winner) of the World Cup in 1966.
5) The Philippines ______ (be) under fire for ____ (its, their) failure to handle the hostage
issue properly.
6) He asked the waiter three ____ (beer) and two ____ (tea). 7) France is a producer of many famous _____ (wine). 8) The children were playing on the __________ (sand).
9) She bought two electric ________ (iron), one for her cousin, and one for herself. 10) Margaret Thatcher was knighted and granted the title of ____ (baron). 11) Major ______ (democracy) in the world welcomed his statement.
12) The Netherlands and Belgium are both small _____ (power) in Europe. 13) He’s been living in ___ (a; --) foreign culture long enough.
14) He did me ____ (a; --) great kindness in explaining everything to me.
15) The new ambassador presented his _______ (credential) to the president yesterday. 16) The school __________ (authority) will take charge of it. 17) A manager has ______ (an; --) (authority) over his staff.
18) The students are making _____ (preparation) for the coming festival. 19) The roses are in _______(flower).
20) The tree was covered with _____(blossom).
? 名词化 （Nominalization）
I. Rewrite the following nominalised phrases in plain English.
EX: The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the
patient brought about his very speedy recovery.
? The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the
patient
The doctor arrived very quickly and examined the patient very carefully. ? His (the patient’s) very speedy recovery
The patient recovered very speedily.
1. The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement
reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.
2. The diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies
and television may have speeded up and augmented SF’s social feedback effect.
3. The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
4. Proper use of antibiotics will lower the severity of asthma caused by sinusitis.
5. The addition of alloying elements is made principally to improve mechanical properties,
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