高一英语阅读理解试题经典及解析

高一英语阅读理解试题经典及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

“Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remembered someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with a camera and then walking away, like 'got it – done', barely even glancing at the magnificent scene in front of him,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.

Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (痴迷的) people are with taking pictures these days - before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.

They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what actually happened, reported The Guardian.

In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.

''When people rely on technology to remember them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.

But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren't in the frame.

So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.

“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.

（1）Why did the author mention Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning? A. To complain about some tourists' bad habits. B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one's tour.

C. To point out people's obsession with taking pictures. D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon.

（2）What can we learn from Henkel's study?

A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily. B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.

C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects. D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people's memories.

（3）The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “________”. A. the camera B. technology C. the event D. an object

（4）What is the article mainly about?

A. People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence. B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one's memory.

C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly. D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人们都有拍照的喜好，拍照有助于我们记忆。但是如果我们只是简单地记录下来，而不去欣赏的话，也就没有什么意义，还不如不去拍照。 (1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (着迷的) people are with taking pictures these days – before dinner, during friends birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.”可知，在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照的惊讶，以此来说明一种现象：人们执迷于拍照的现象。故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But there is also an exception: if students zoomed (缩放) in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved”可知，在拍照时，如果只关注某个细节，可能有助于他们记忆的提高。故选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“When people rely on technology to remember them 一 counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves” 前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时，要依靠照相机来记录事件，那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。可知，本句是说如果你要用相机来记录事件，就不需要来关注这个它（事件）。故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述现代人痴迷于拍照，是因为拍照有助于记录某一时刻，但不利于他们的记忆。如果放大拍摄对象或拍下来后再欣赏的话就有助于记忆或回忆。即本文主要介绍痴迷拍照及其影响。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. Nearly 60,000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide.

The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they actually do. Nine out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that. They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies and toddlers(学步者)aren't tall enough or strong enough to reach them. Unfortunately, they probably can. Children as young as a month

have ended up in an emergency department because they'd been poisoned by getting into a medicine that was left within reach.

Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within their home. Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment. At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.

The new Safe Kids worldwide report includes a survey of 2,000 parents with children under age 6. While the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings had declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years.

Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补充品)can also cause problems. There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine poisoning.

（1）Why are children poisoned according to the text? A. Some of the medicines at home taste nice. B. There is something poisonous in medicines. C. Kids have easy access to medicines at home.. D. Kids are curious to explore the environment （2）What can we learn from the text? A. Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids. B. The team made a survey of 2,000 kids under age 6. C. 600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly. D. Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home. （3）What could be the best title for the text? A. Parents' Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned B. The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately C. Nearly 60,000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines D. Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，介绍了由于父母存放药品不当导致孩子药物中毒的调查结果。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.”在一定的年龄,他们有很多的手和嘴活动,所以他们很容易去探索他们的环境,然后尝试品尝他们发现的东西在家里,他们很容易碰到药品，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. ”父母可能会认为他们很聪明，他们在哪里储存药品，但他们的孩子更聪明。故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within their home.”很多中毒事件是发生在家中

的，再根据文章大意，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.

\一not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,\Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada.\humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventing them.\

Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box,they froze with fear.

Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.

The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.

“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older,\Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells. （1）The study shows that______.

A. physical activity is important for physical health B. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth

C. physical activity can prevent human's Alzheimer's symptoms D. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older （2）How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed? A. By analyzing causes. B. By giving an example. C. By describing the process. D. By showing differences. （3）What does the underlined word \

A. Exercise. B. Development. C. Benefit. D. Study. （4）What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?

A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. 【答案】（1）D （2）C

（3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对实验鼠的实验，发现了动物在年轻时运动越多，老年时的记忆力就越好。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段和第四段讲述Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究，具体的运动对身体的发育很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此it在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选A。

（4）考查观点态度。根据短文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Do you have a spare room in your house? What about a driveway for your car? Both of these can help you make money. Many people who are feeling the pinch are taking advantage of what's been called the “sharing economy”.

Perhaps the best-known example of a company in this field is Airbnb---an American web business which allows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers. It says it operates in 34,000 cities and it has over 1,500,000 listings.It seems to have concerned the market!

A British company is doing something with parking spaces. JustPark's founder, Anthony Eskinazi, says,“When I had the original idea, Ispotted a driveway close to a sports stadium. It would have been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway rather than in commercial car park.” And he has a big clientele（客户）:around 20,000 people have advertised their spaces on the site, and he says around half a million drivers use it. There are other sites doing very similar things, like Uber and Lyft---these let drivers share their cars with other passengers. Any driver knows how valuable a place to park is .A church near Kings Cross in central London has apparently made over ￡200,000 by renting out space in its yard to travelers!

Because this is a new business world, those rules aren't there yet and many people are happy to share...as long as it pays!

But the sharing economy has its critics: the competitors of these new companies. People who run things like traditional B&B, commercial car parks and taxi services are afraid of ending up out of pocket. And there is another issue: regulations on these new business are unclear. How will renting out your driveway affect your neighbor?

（1）What does the underlined phrase “feeling the pinch” probably mean? A. Lacking in money B. Full of curiosity