1、形容词＋名词＋ed：
five-storeyed, one-eyed, double-faced, blue-eyed, 2、名词＋名词＋ed： honey-mouthed,
3、名词／代词＋分词：
man-made, heart-broken, self-educated, snow-covered, man-eating, peace-loving, paper-making, ocean-going, heartfelt, handmade, home-made, sunburnt, weather-beaten 4、名词／代词＋形容词：
color-blind, ice-cool, seasick, airsick, tax-free, grass-green, snow-white, rock-hard, sea-green 5、形容词／数词＋名词： full-time, high-grade, second-hand, 6、形容词／数词＋分词：
ready-made, sleepy-looking, good-looking, 7、副词＋分词：
far-reaching, so-called, hard-working, far-reaching, well-meaning, newly-laid, wide-spread
8、副词＋形容词： ever-green, under-ripe, 9、形容词＋形容词： dark-blue, red-hot, grey-green 10、介词＋名词： downhill, overnight 三、合成副词
1、形容词＋名词： sometimes, meanwhile 2、副词＋名词：
oftentimes, indoors, outdoors, overhead 3、介词＋名词： alongside, beforehand 4、名词＋形容词： skyhigh, stonestill, 5、副词＋介词： nearby, upalong, 四、合成动词 1、 名词＋动词： overhear, underline 2、 形容词＋动词： moonwalk
3、 副词＋动词： white-wash, safeguard 五、其它合成词 1、合成代词：
everybody, everyone, everything, anyone, anybody, anything 2、合成介词：
well-meant, outside, inside, throughout 第二节 转化法
不用借助构词词缀，把一个单词从一种词类转化成另一种词类的方法就是转化法。由于词类转化的结果，英语中就形成了大量外形相同但词类不同的词，即同形异类词。转化主要有如下几种类型。
一、名词起定语作用（类似名词转化为形容词）：
space travel, television network, stone table, paper bag, water pipe, history teacher, college students
二、名词转化为动词：
to dust the desk,?go boating, dust?boat to train?to ship the goods, train?to mail, ship?to film this story, mail?film
三、形容词转化为动词：
to dry your hands,?to slow down a little bit, dry?slow to narrow the street,?to free the slaves, narrow?to wrong sb, free?wrong 四、动词转化为名词：
without any?a good dress, to doubt?an act, to dress?to act love of?a terrible smell, to love?a local guide, to smell?doubt, to guide us a demand for more equal?a good taste, to demand?one’s country, to taste rights
五、形容词转化为名词：
China Daily,?dangerous chemicals, daily?chemical a native?a maths final, native?final 第三节 派生法
派生法又叫词缀法，即在一个单词前或其后加上词缀，构成新的单词。中学英语中以派生法生成的词汇占整个中学词汇总量的25％。 一、前缀
一般说来前缀不会改变一个词的词性。 1、否定前缀
(1) un-
a. un +形容词：unfit, unhappy, unfair, unlucky, unfortunate, unkind, unimportant, unnecessary, uncomfortable, unselfish, unusual, uncommon, unexpected, unknown, unthinkable, unbelievable, unseen, unforgettable, unwise, unhealthy, unpleasant, unable, untrue
b. un+副词：undoubtedly, unexpectedly, unfortunately, unusually, unhappily, unluckily
由un＋形容词构成的词除了unknown, unseen, unfit等词之外，其它词都可变为加-ly的副词（个别形容词尾需要变动）。
c. un＋动词：uncover, untie, unlock, undress, undo, unpack (2) im＋形容词：impossible, impolite
(3) in＋形容词：incorrect, incomplete, invisible, independent (4) ir＋形容词：irregular
(5) mis＋动词：misspell, misunderstand, mistake (6) dis-
a. dis＋名词：dishonour, disease, discomfort b. dis＋形容词：dishonest, discouraged
c. dis＋动词：disappear, dislike, discover, disclose, disagree, discomfort, dismiss 2、表示空间、位置关系的前缀
(1) a－，大多加在音节较少的名词或不及物动词上构成新词，表示“在??之上、向??、
处于??状态”：ahead, abroad, aside, alive, awake, above, about等。 (2) fore－，表示“在??前面”：forehead, foreground, forearm, foreleg (3) in, il, im, ir表示“向??内 在??内”：inside, include, import (4) inter－，表示“在??间、相互”：international (5) intro－，表示“在（向）??内”：introduce
(6) out－，表示“向外”：outside, outlook, outdoors, outflow (7) over－，表示“在上面的、在外的”：overhead, overlook, overcoat, overcome, overtime, overgrow
(8) pre－，表示“在前”：prefix, preposition
(9) pro－，表示“在（向）前”：progress, programme (10) sur－，表示“在??上”：surface, surround (11) trans＿，表示“转移”：translate
(12) under－，表示“在??下”：undergraound, underline (13) up－，表示“向上”：upward, upset, upstairs
(14) be－，表示“在，靠近”：before, behind, below, between, beyond (15)ex－，表示“向外，从??出来”：exchange, export (16) tele－，表示“远”：telephone, television, telegram, telegraph 3、表示时间、序列关系的前缀 (1) fore－，表示“在前，预先”：foreword, foresight, foretell (2) mid－，表示“中间”：midnight, midsummer, midautumn (3) post－，表示“在??后”：postwar, postlistening
(4) re－，表示“重复”：review, retell, rewrite, replace, return, rebuild (5) extra－，表示“格外、超越”：extraordinary (6) over－，表示“超过”： overcome, overeat, overpass (7) super－，表示“极、超”：supermarket, superpower, superman, superpower
4、表示共同、相等关系 (1) com－（在b, m, p前），col－，con－，cor－（com在g, l, r及其它辅音前）：company, cnnect, correct
(2) co－：cooperate, coexist
(3) sym－：sympathy, symphony 5、表示整个、完全关系
(1) al－：alone, almost, altogether (2) over－：overall, overflow, overfall 6、表示“离、离开”
(1) a－：arise, away, apart
(2) de－：depart, dewater, decolour (3) se－：separate, select (4) for－：forget, forgive 7、变换词类作用的前缀
(1) en－／em－：enable, enlarge, enrich, enclose, empower
(2) ad－，ac－，af－，ag－，an－，ap－，ar－，as－，at－，（ad－在c, f, g, I, n, p, r , s, t前的变体）：adapt, across, affect, appear, arrange, assist, attend, attract 8、表示加强意义
(1) a－：ashamed, arouse, amuse
(2) ad－：address, admire, advise, advance
(3) be－：belong, believe 9、表示特殊意义
(1) arch－，表示“首位、主要”：architect (2) auto－，表示“自动”：automobile, autobiography
(3) magni－，表示“大”：maginificent (4) micro－，表示“微小”：microscope, Microsoft, microcomputer (5) bi－，表示“数量”：biweekly, bicycle, bimonthly (6) mini－，表示“小型”：minibus, miniskirt, mini-factory, mini-market 二、后缀
后缀是指在一个词的尾部加上一个词缀构成新的词。后缀往往会改变一个词的词性。常用后缀大约有96个，大致可分为五类。 1、名词后缀
(1) 构成表示人的名词后缀
a. 动词＋er表示人：traveller, hunter, reader, worker, keeper, driver, listener, discoverer, reporter, owner, speaker, weaver, winner, buyer, leader, runner, swimmer, ruler, viewer b. 名词＋er表示人或物：villager, prisoner, geographer, farmer, lawyer, cooker c. 形容词＋er表示人：foreigner, stranger, southerner
d. 动词＋or表示人：actor, director, inventor, operator, governor, professor, conductor, visitor, sailor
e. 名词＋eer表示人：engineer, volunteer, mountaineer, pioneer
f. 名词（动词）＋ress表示女性：actress, waitress, authouress, millionaires, tailoress, tigeress g. 名词＋cian：mathematician, physician, politician, musician
h. 名词＋ese：Chinese, Japanese, Portugese, Taiwanese, Cantanese
i. 名词＋an：American, Australian, Austrian, Canadian, Hungarian, Indian, Italian, Russian j. 名词（或－al结尾的形容词）＋ist：artist, communist, novelist, physicist, violinist, pianist, naturalist, socialist, scientist, typist (2) 构成抽象名词与集合名词的后缀
a. 动词＋age：package, marriage, carriage, postage, storage, luggage, baggage, percentage b. 动词＋ure：failure, pleasure, pressure, mixture, fixture
c. 形容词＋ity：majority, electricity, activity, equality, possiblility, ablility
d. 动词＋ment：argument, judgement, achievement, astonishement, development, excitement, encouragement, movement, government, punishment, treatment, statement, department, enrichment
e. 动词＋ion/sion/ation/action/cation/ition：education, graduation, translation, separation, operation, celebration, congratulation, action, invention, attraction, connection, election, collection, devotion, pollution, decision, division, attention, description, production, redution, revision, permission, examination, explanation, consideration, invitation, imagination, pronunciation, satisfaction, addition, repetition, competition
f. 名词／形容词／动词＋ery/ry：bravery, discovery, machinery, slavery, chemistry g. 形容词／动词＋y： difficulty, honesty, safety, activity, injury, unity, discovery
h. 动词＋al：arrival, survival, burial, proposal, disapproval, refusal i. 名词／形容词＋ship：friendship, leadership, hardship, citizenship, comradeship, professorship, warship, memberhip
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