初四英语 语法复习 陈述句 疑问句 感叹句 祈使句

初四英语语法复习 陈述句 疑问句 感叹句 祈使句

【复习目标】

1. 根据英语基本句型，全面了解并正确运用陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句。 2. 重点掌握感叹句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、祈使句的结构及用法。 3. 注意除了not以外还有一些词语是否定句的标志。 【知识讲解】

英语句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。 一、陈述句

陈述句说明一个事实或说明说话人的态度。 1. 陈述句的肯定式

主语 + 谓语 + 其他 （联系五种基本句型） 2. 陈述句的否定式

（1）怎样变否定句？ 将下列句子变为否定句：

1. This is a book. → 2. The girl is Mary. → 3. I can swim. →

4. He did his homework yesterday. → 5. They will work in Beijing. → 6. Tom is watching TV. → 7. He likes math. →

（2）除not外，构成否定句的还有其他否定词: ① no He has no brother. ② never I have never seen such a man. ③ no one, nobody Nobody is interested in the book. ④ nothing There is nothing on the table. ⑤ neither of..., none of... Neither of them is good at swimming. None of them is good at swimming. ⑥ little, few There are few students in the classroom. There is little water in the glass. ⑦ seldom, hardly I seldom watch TV. I can hardly say a word. ⑧ too... to... He is too young to go to school. 二、疑问句

疑问句用于提出问题，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句

一般疑问句询问事物或某种情况是否属实，需要对方给予肯定（Yes）或否定（No）回答。 （1）怎样变一般疑问句？

将下列句子变为一般疑问句： 1. This is a book. → 2. The girl is Mary. → 3. I can swim. →

4. He did his homework yesterday. → 5. They will work in Beijing. → 6. Tom is watching TV. → 7. He likes math. →

（2）否定的一般疑问句通常是以缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气，注意 回答时Yes或No的意思。

— Don't you know the boy? — Yes, I do. 2. 特殊疑问句

用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。 （1）疑问词的分类：① 疑问代词：what , who, which, whose, whom ② 疑问副词：when, where, why, how （2）怎样就划线部分提问？ 就划线部分提问：

1. This is a book. → 2. The girl is Mary. → 3. I can swim. →

4. He did his homework yesterday. → 5. They will work in Beijing. → 6. Tom is watching TV. →

7. He likes math because it is interesting. → 8. He goes to school by bus. → 9. The jacket is red. →

10. The red jacket is Mary's. → 11. The girl in red is Mary. → 12. The jacket is 100 yuan. → 13. This is Tom's jacket. →

14. He has learned English for 3 years. → 15. He will come back in 3 weeks. 16. He watches TV 3 times a week. 17. Beijing is 500 kilometers from Shanghai. 18. They need 5 apples. 19. Mary needs 3 glasses of water. 20. There are 7 students in the classroom. 3. 选择疑问句

提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。 （1）一般选择疑问句的结构： 一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分 — Do you likes apples or oranges? — I like apples. （2）特殊选择疑问句的结构： 特殊疑问句, + A or B

— Which would you like better, tea or coffee? — I like coffee. 4. 反意疑问句

反意疑问句是在陈述句之后加一简短问句，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。 ① Tom is a student, isn't he? ② The girl lives in Beijing, doesn't she? ③ Tom isn't a student, is he? ④ The girl doesn't live in Beijing, does she? 注意：

（1）He has never been to Beijing, ______ he?

5. Mary likes scuba diving very much.

__________ Mary__________ scuba diving very much? (新疆) 二、改为反意疑问句

1. There was no time for the twins to go shopping,__________ __________ ? (黑龙江) 2. She had nothing for breakfast,__________ __________ ? (青海)

3. You will meet your friends at the railway station, __________ __________ ? (重庆) 4. She has hardly had anything this morning, __________ __________ ? (山东泰安) 5. There is something important about to happen, __________ __________ ? (新疆) 三、改为选择疑问句

（2）You seldom go to bed before 10 o'clock, _______ you? （3）He is too young to go to school, ______ he? 三、感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。感叹句也可以由一个单词、一个短语组成。 1. what 引导的感叹句

What + 被强调的名词部分 + 主语 + 谓语动词！ What a beautiful girl she is! What tall boys they are! What fine weather it is! 2. how引导的感叹句

How + 被强调的形容词或副词 + 主语 + 谓语动词！ How interesting the book is! How hard they work! 3. 一些特殊形式的感叹句

He runs so fast! Wonderful! Look out! Great! 四、祈使句

祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。 1. 肯定的祈使句

Come in. Sit down. Be quiet, please. 2. 否定的祈使句

Don't be late.

3. 以let开头的祈使句

Let me try again. Let's go to school. Let him clean the room. 【巩固练习】

一、改为一般疑问句

1. I can skate well. __________ __________skate well? (黑龙江) 2. Kate does morning exercises every day.

__________ Kate__________ morning exercises every day? (山东济南)

3. The exam begins at nine. __________ the exam__________ at nine? (青海) 4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.

__________ Ann__________ the book to the library yesterday? (四川成都)

John is an American. (用a Canadian改为选择疑问句)

__________ John an American__________ a Canadian? (新疆) 四、改为否定句

1. She does the housework every day.

She __________ __________ the housework every day. (黑龙江) 2. Uncle Wang likes making things.

Uncle Wang__________ __________ making things. (四川成都) 3. He returned the book to the library this morning.

He__________ __________ the book to the library this morning. (重庆) 4. The students of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already.

The students of No.2 Middle School__________ gone for a picnic__________ . (新疆) 五、对划线部分提问

1. Jim will return in two weeks.

__________ __________ will Jim return? (哈尔滨)

2. Mrs. Read didn't sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise. __________ __________ Mrs. Read__________ well last night? (山东济南) 3. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.

__________ __________ he__________ at four yesterday afternoon? (青海) 4. He has worked in this school for five years.

__________ __________ has he worked in this school? (四川成都) 5. John went to see his grandmother once a week.

__________ __________ __________ John go to see his grandmother? (广东广州) 6. I was born in 1980. __________ __________ you born? (重庆) 7. I have two books in my bag.

__________ __________ you have in your bag? (山东泰安)

8. The car near the river is mine. __________ __________ is yours? (山东泰安) 9. Allan will go back to England by plane next month.

__________ __________ Allan go back to England next month? (福建福州) 10. Urumqi is 3790 kilometres from Wuhan.

__________ __________ is Urumqi from Wuhan?

11. Those flowers are red. __________ __________ are those flowers?