现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的构成：
现在完成时由助动词have\\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。
I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2. 现在完成时的用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday. 3. 常和现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。
Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4. 现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。
否定句：在have\\has后加not 结构：主语+has\\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\\Has+主语+过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
注意：肯定句中如有some\\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\\or，即 some-any and-or
以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 肯定句 I have studied German before. He has studied German before. 否定句 I have not (haven’t) studied German before. He has not\\hasn’t studied German before. Past Form bore beat became blew brought built bought caught chose came did drank drove ate fell found flew got gave went grew had heard kept left lost made put read ran 疑问句 Have you studied German before? Has he studied German before? 回答 Yes, I have. \\ No,I haven’t\\ have not. Yes,he has.\\No,he hasn’t\\ have not. 5. 部分不规则变化动词表 Base Form bear beat become blow bring build buy catch choose come do drink drive eat fall find fly get give go grow have hear keep leave lose make put read run Past Participle born beaten become blown brought built bought caught chosen come done drunk driven eaten fallen found flown got given gone grown had heard kept left lost made put read run say see sell send sing sink take teach write am, is are said saw sold sent sang sank/sunk took taught wrote was were said seen sold sent sung sunk taken taught wrote been been
6.注意：
1.since和for的区别
since后接过去的某个时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2.表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
3.have (has) been（to\\in）+地点 和have (has) gone(to)+地点的区别： “曾到过某地” =“have (has) been”; 去过，现在已经回来了。 “已经去某地”= “have (has) gone”。去了没有回来。 试比较：
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大） 随堂练习：
一、用单词的适当形式填空
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there? 6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 8. We already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 二、单选题
1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going 三、将下列句子变成否定句，一般疑问句，并对划线部分提问。 1) I have been there for two days. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问：
2) My father has lived here since 2000. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问：
3) He left here yesterday. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问：
4) They bought a book two hours ago. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问：
四、用 “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” 五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.
五、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的适当形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He __________ Canada. 2) David ______ _ _ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village? 5) The Smiths _____ _ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. 7) I _____ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He ____ _ the farm.
9) When____ _ he ____ _? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I ____ _ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo. 12) He often ____ _ swimming.
13) ____ _ you _____ _ there last year? 14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
六、 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” 答案
随堂练习
一、1.lived 2.have been 3.came 4.has passed,left 5.lost,have seen 6.Have,found 7.have,had 8.have,returned 9.Have,built 10.haven’t finished 11.has read 12.bought 13.lost 二、1-5 DCBBB 1-6 DCCBB
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