2012届英语考纲词汇排查表
A
1. abandon v. 放弃，抛弃
2. ability n. 能力；才能have the ability to do有
做…的能力
3. able be able to do = be capable of doing 能够
干
unable ability n. disable vt.使残废 disabled adj.24. accessible a. 可接近的，可使用的
25. accident accidental adj.偶然的；偶发的by
~/chance偶然地
26. accommodation n. 住宿，调节 27. accompany v. 陪伴
28. accomplish v. 完成实现accomplish
wonders 创造奇迹 29. account n. 账目；描述account for 说明，
in...=take an active part in...积极参加 66. adore v. 崇拜，景仰 act...out表演出 67. advance v. advanced adj.先进的；高级的in ~ 47. actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员 = ahead of time = ahead of schedule提前 48. actual adj. actually adv.事实上 68. advantage n. 优点； 好处 49. acute a. 敏锐的，严重的 take advantage of 利用 50. AD n. 公元 have advantage over sb胜过某人，比某人有51. ad (缩) = advertisement n. 广告 优势 52. adapt v. 使适应adapt sb to sth 使…适应 to one's advantage 对…有利的是 残废的
4. abnormal a. 不正常的
5. aboard prep. 在（或上）船，飞机，火车
等go aboard 上船at home and abroad 在国内外
6. abolish v. 废除
7. about be about to do sth.即将做...... be
about to do sth...when . I was about to leave when the telephone rang
8. above---below over---under 9. abroad ad. 到（在）国外 10. abrupt a. 突然的，不连贯的
11. absence n. 不在，缺席 absent a.
be absent from缺席… (be present at 出席…)
12. absolute a. 绝对的 13. absorb v. 吸收
14. abstract a. & n. 抽象（的） 15. absurd a. 荒谬的 16. abundant a. 丰富的 17. abuse v.滥用，虐待
18. academic a. & n. 学校的，学术的 19. academy n. 专科院校 20. accelerate v. 加快
21. accent n. 口音，音调
22. accept ~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳
cf. receive
23. access n. & v. 接近，进入the access to sp
进入…通道（机会） have access to sth 有接近/使用。。。的机会You can easily get access to him.你可以轻易见到他。 2012年英语考纲词汇
解释 take sth into account = take sth into 53. adaptation n. 适应 consideration = consider sth。
54. add v. addition n. additional adj.附加的；on account of = because of = owing to = due 额外的add to sth.增强add A to B把A加到to
B上去add...up把......加起来 add up to = 30. accountant n. 会计师 come to.合计为；in addition to = as well as =
31. accumulate v. 积累 besides 除了…还有
32. accuracy n. 精确 in addition = besides = furthermore 33. accurate a. 精确
=moreover=what’s more此外，而且 34. accuse v. 控告[(+of)]，指责,把...归咎(于)
55. addicted a. 上瘾的，有强烈兴趣的 accuse sb of sth 指责 blame sb for … ; 56. address n. 地址vt. 发表演讲；写信给charge sb with sth 因…而控告某人 address the audience on the subject of energy 35. accustomed a. 通常的，习惯的
resources对听众作一有关能源的演讲be accustomed to doing = be used to doing 习deliver an address发表演说 惯于干…
57. adequate a. 足够的
36. ache n./ vi. toothache backache
58. adjust v. 整理，调整 headache
adjust one’s watch 把表拨准 37. achieve vt. 达到，取得achieve success adjust oneself to sth使自己适应于 38. achievement n. 完成，成绩 Animals adjust themselves to the environment 39. acid a. 酸的
adjustment n. 整理调整
40. acknowledge v. 承认
59. administration n. 执行，管理
41. acquaintance n. 相识;了解，相识的人,熟人 60. admire vt. admiration n. admirer n. ~ sb. for 42. acquire v. 获得，取得acquire
sth因.....钦佩某人 in admiration钦佩地 skills/knowledge
61. admit vt.承认；录取admit doing sth. be 43. acquisition n. 获得，取得 admitted into a college被......录取admit 44. across---through
doing/that = confess doing/that 承认 45. across the world=all over the world
admit sb into/to sp 使…进入 admitted come across = meet with = run into 遇到
admitting 46. act v./n. action n. active adj. actively adv.
62. admission n. activity n.活动
63. adolescence n. 青春期 act as.. (serve as).扮演；充当take action ( take 64. adolescent a. 青春期的 steps= take measures) 采取行动 be active
65. adopt v. 采用，接受 1
69. adventure n. 冒险； 奇遇 70. advertise vt. 为……做广告advertise sth 登…广告 advertise for sth 为得到…而登广告advertisement n广告
71. advice un. advise vt. give sb. advice on sth. advise sb. to do sth./ advise doing sth. follow(take) one's advice 听从...劝告 cf. advise与persuade 72. advocate v. 支持，提倡 73. affect vt. 影响 affection n. 影响；感染；
喜爱have an affection for sb喜爱… show an affection for sb 向…表达爱意 74. affair n.事物 family/foreign/love ~s
75. afford vt. can ~ (to do) sth. can/could/be able to afford sth 买得起
76. afraid adj. I’m ~ so/not.恐怕是这样/不是这样。be afraid to do sth… 不敢 be afraid of doing害怕去做
77. African. African n./adj. Asia---Asian America---American Europe---European Australia---Australian Austria-- -Austrian
奥地利人（的） Canada---Canadian 78. after ad. 在后；后来prep. 在……之后；
在 后面 conj. 在……以后after-sales service 售后服务be/run after 追求、追赶某人The dog is running after the cat. after all 毕竟 be named after 以…命名 79. again ~ and ~=over and over=time and again反复地 once ~=once more=~又一次 80. against prep. 对着，反对lean against 靠着 be in favour of = be for = be on one's
side 支持 be against = object to 反对 fight/struggle against 对抗The mountain is grey against the blue sky. 在蓝天反衬下山是灰色的
81.
age n. 年龄；时代under age 未到年龄 for ages = for a long time the old = the aged = the elderly老年人 I'm aged 10.= I'm 10 years old. 82. agency n. 代理 83. agenda n. 日程表 84. agent n. 代理人
85. aggression n. 侵略 aggressive a. 侵略的；咄咄逼人的
86.
ago ad. 以前 three years ago （一般过去时） three years before（过去完成时）
87.
agree vt. agreement n.协议agreeable adj.可爱的~ to sth.同意某事~ on sth（经讨论）达成共识come to/arrive at/reach an agreement达成协议agree to(suggestion, proposal, plan) 同意(计划、建议) agree with 同意（看法等），符合The milk doesn’t agree with me 88. agriculture n. agricultural adj. industry---industrial
89. ahead ad. 在前，向前ahead of sb胜过, 超过 ahead of time 提前 90. aid n. 援助；救护；辅助器具 91. AIDS n. 艾滋病
92.
aim n./v. ~ at...瞄准；意思是aim at 瞄准 (aim at doing = aim to do以…目标 )This book aims at giving a brief outline of the history of Ming Dynasty
93. air n. in the ~在空中on the ~在播出by ~乘飞机
94.
aircraft n. 飞机 (单复数同) airline n. 航空公司；航空系统 airmail n. 航空邮件 airplane n. （美）飞机 airport n. 航空站，飞机场 airspace n. 领空
95.
alarm n. 警报give/sound/raise the alarm 2012年英语考纲词汇
发警报
113. also ad. 也 96. album n. 相册
114.alternative a. 可选用的两者(或若干)中择
97. alcohol n. 酒精alcoholic a. & n. 酒精
一的;非此即彼的，替代的;供选择的have 的
no alternative but to do = have no choice but 98. algebra n. 代数 to do 99. alike ad. 同样地
115. although conj.虽然；尽管 though conj. 100. alive adj.(表语形容词) eat sth ~ bury sb. ~
虽然；尽管 though adv.尽管如此（句末）
catch sb. ~ Cf. living活着的 live现场直播116. altitude n. 海拔
的 lively活泼的
117. altogether ad. 总共 101. all by oneself 独立，单独 ;above all 首先，
118. aluminium n. 铝 特别是，最重要的是after all 到底，毕竟 119. always adv. for ~/ good/ ever永远 He
first of all 首先in all 总共 most of all 最最is ~ talking in class.(反感) He is ~ asking
all at once 突然，同时，马上 all of a sudden clever questions.(赞扬)
突然 all over (the world) 遍及（全世界） all 120. am v. be的人称形式之一
right 好吧，行，情况不错all sorts of 各种121. ａ.m./am，A.M./AMn. 午前，上午 各样的 all kinds of 各种各样的all (just) the 122. amateur n. 业余爱好者 same 尽管如此，仍旧（照样）all the year 123. amaze v. 惊奇，惊叹；震惊 amazing a. round 一年到头all the way 从远处；自始至令人惊异的amaze sb (surprise , astonish) be 终 all the while = all the time = always始终 amazed to do/at/that 吃惊 102. allergic a. 过敏的 124. ambassador n. 大使 103. alley n. 胡同
125. ambiguous a. 有歧义的 104. allocate v. 分配
126. ambition n. 雄心achieve one's ambitions
105. allow vt. allowance n.补助金；补贴~ sb. to
达到…志向 reach a goal 达到…目标 do sth. ~ doing sth. ~ for...考虑到；酌量 127. ambulance n. 救护车
Smoking is not ~ed here.
128. among prep. 在……中间；在（三个以上）106. almost adv.几乎(可接否定词) nearly adv.
之间 （不接否定词） I have seen almost no such 129. amount n. & v. 总计，总数a large book before.
amount of , amounts of 大量的 amount 107. alone adj./adv.独自的；单独的lonely adj.
to 共计为 (= add up to = come to) 寂寞的；孤独的 let sb alone 让…单独留130. ample a. 宽敞的 下 let alone 更不用说，何况 eg: He 131. amuse vt. （使人）快乐，逗乐 amusement can't walk, let alone run.
n. 娱乐
108. along adv./ prep. all ~=all the time一直
132. analyse v. 分析analysis n. 分析 get along with 与…相处 along with = 133. ancestor n. 祖宗； 祖先 together with
134. anchor v. & n. 锚，抛锚 109. alongside ad.
135. ancient a. 古代的，古老的
110. aloud ad. 大声地loud ad. 大声地 136. and conj. 和；又；而 111. alphabet n. 字母表 137. anecdote n. 逸事 112. already ad. 已经
138. anger n. be filled with anger 满腔愤怒 2
lose one's temper 发脾气 angry adj.
hunger n. hungry adj. 139. angle n. 角，角度 140. animal n. 动物 141. ankle n. 踝关节 142. anniversary n. 周年纪念
143. announce vt. announcement n. make an announcement 144. annoy vt. （使）烦恼 145. an annual report 年度报告
146. another pron. one after ~= one by one another three chairs= three more/ other chairs one another = each other 147. answer n./v. the ~ to the question in ~ to响应；回答~ the door/phone/letter ~ for=be responsible for为......负责 148. ant n. 蚂蚁
149. Antarctic a. 南极的 the Antarctic 南极 Antarctica n. 南极洲 150. antique n. 古董 151. any常用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中 Come to me if you have any question. no=not any全否 He has no brothers.= He
has not any brothers. 152. anybody pron. 任何人，无论谁 anyhow
ad. 不管怎样 anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁 anything pron. 什么事（物）；任何事
（物） anyway ad. 不管怎样 anywhere ad. 任何地方 153. apart ad. & a. 分离tell sth apart 区别开 tear sth apart 撕开 apart from 此外，除外
(=besides,except) 154. apartment n. （美）楼中单元房，一套房间；房间 155. apologize/apologise v.道歉apology n. ~ to
sb. for doing sth.=make an apology to sb. for doing sth因…向…道歉 156. apparent a. 明显的
157. appear vi. 出现appear出现 (seem, happen)
显得；好像 It appears that he is honest. appearance n.出现，露面；容貌 158. appendix n. 159. applaud v. & n. 鼓掌欢迎 160. apple n. 苹果 161. applicant n. 申请人n. 申请have applications in 在…（方面）应用 apply v. 申请apply for请求,申请apply A to B 把A应用到B中We should apply what we have learned to our practice. 162. appoint v. 挑选，委派appoint sb sth 任命某人做… appoint sb to the position of …任命某人做…（职位） 163. appointment n. 约会have an appointment with sb 与…有个约会 I interviewed him by appointment. 通过预约定 164. appreciate v. 欣赏； 感激appreciate doing 感激 I would appreciate it if you would…如果你…我将万分感激 165. appreciation n. 欣赏，感激 166. approach n. & v. 接近，方法Spring is approaching. He is difficult to approach. the approach to 进入…的通道 167. appropriate a. 适当的 168. approval n. 认可，同意 169. approve v. 认可，同意approve of 赞成，批准 (disapprove of ) 170. approximately ad. 大约 171. apron n. 围裙 172. arbitrary a. 任意的，霸道的 173. arch n. 拱形 174. architect n. 建筑师 175. architecture n. 建筑学 176. April n. 4月 177. Arab a. 阿拉伯的 n. 阿拉伯人 Arabic a. 阿拉伯语的 n. 阿拉伯语 178. Arctic 北极的 the Arctic 北极 the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 179. area n. 面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，2012年英语考纲词汇
领域 Our school covers an area of by, he has come to love Ningbo as his second 50 mu hometown. He usually does his homework ~ 180. argue v.辩论；说服 argument n. ~ with he listens to music. sb. about/over sth. cf. debate quarrel 198. as conj.虽然；尽管（倒装语序） Clever ~ 181. arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来，升起；出现 you are, you have to work harder to fulfill 182. arithmetic n. 算术 your dream. Fast ~ you run, you can’t catch 183. arm n. arms n.武器；怀抱 take sb. by the ~me up.=Run ~ you may, you can’t catch me 拉住某人的胳膊 ~ in ~ sth in one’s up.=Fast runner ~ you are, you can’t catch me ~s抱着...... ~s sale军火销售be armed to the up.as conj.像一样He is ~ busy ~ a bee. He
teeth武装到牙齿 did the job ~ well ~ Bob did. n Wei is ~ 184. armchair n. 扶手椅 funny an actor ~ Zhao Benshan. 185. army n. 军队 Peter is not ~/ so tall as Bill. as conj.由于 186. around ad. 在周围；在附近show sb around As you go to the bookshop, please get me a 带领某人参观prep. 在……周围；大约 Harry Porter VI. as pron.(引导定语从句) I 187. arouse 引起，激起，唤起，唤醒arouse my
will buy such a pen ~ you are using. I interest引起我的兴趣 study in the same school ~ Mary. Here is so 188. arrange v. 安排，布置arrangement n. big a stone as no one can lift. cf. Here is so 安排，布置arrange to do 安排 big a stone that no one can lift it. arrange for sb to do 安排某人去做 make 199. ash n. 灰； 灰末burn sth into ashes把..烧arrangements for sb to do 安排某人去做… 成灰烬
make preparations for为…作准备 200. ashamed adj.羞愧的 be ~ of...对感到羞愧 189. arrest sb 拘捕 be ashamed to do be ashamed of doing 190. arrive vi.到达 arrival n. ~ at a conclusion得be ashamed of oneself为自己感到惭愧 出结论 ~ at an agreement达成协议 ~at/ in 201. Asia n. 亚洲 Asian a. 亚洲的，亚洲人sp.cf. reach vt. come vi. 的n. 亚洲人 191. arrow n. 箭；箭头 202. aside ad. 在旁边 192. art n. artist n. artistic adj.艺术的 203. ask v. ~ sb. for sth.向某人要...... ~ A artificial adj.人工的；人造的 fine ~s美术 after B向A 问候B ~ for trouble自寻烦193. article n.文章；件 an ~ of clothing/ 恼 sb. to do sth. ~ to do sth. ~ to be furniture done ~ about...询问；打听ask for leave 请194. artificial a. 人工的，人造的 假 ask for a day off ask sb a favour/a 195. artist n. 艺术家 favour of sb 196. as prep.作为 work ~... serve ~... act 204. asleep adj. fall ~ =go to sleep入睡（动作） ~... be famous ~... use A ~ B； be ~= sleep睡着（状态） be sound /fast ~
accept/regard/ treat/consider/ think of/ look 睡得香甜
at/take A ~ B把A当作B； ~ it is事实上205. aspect n. 方面，方向in this aspect = in this mistake A ~ B误以为A是B respect 在这方面 197. as conj.按照；像 Dance ~ I showed you. 206. assess v. 评定assessment n. 评定
as conj.随着；一 边......一边 As time goes 207. assign sb sth 分配, 布置assign sb to do sth 3
布置
208. assist vt.帮助，援助assist sb with sth, assist
sb to do sth, assist sb in doing sth 协助
209. assistance n.. assistant n.助手 an
assistant professor副教授 210. associate v. 联系，打交道association n. 联系，社团associate A with B 把A和B结合在一起 , 联想到一起The latest
surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近
的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什
么好感
211. assume v. 假设；承担assumption n. 假定
假装，承担assume the cost 承担费用 I
assume that he was there. 212. assure sb of assure sb that使（某人）相信
213. astonish vt. 使惊讶be astonished to do be astonished at be astonished that 惊讶
to one's astonishment = to one’s surprise 214. astronaut n. 宇航员
215. astronomer n. 天文学家 216. astronomy n. 天文学 217. at prep. at once 立即，马上 at the moment
此刻，目前 aim at 瞄准, 针对 shoot
at 向…射击now = at present = for the time
being = right now 现在 218. athlete n. 运动员 219. Atlantic a. 大西洋的 the Atlantic Ocean大
西洋
220. atmosphere n. 大气；气氛
221. atom n. 原子，微粒
222. attach v. 联系;连接；附属 attach the label
to your luggage a bedroom with a bathroom attached 223. attack v./n. be under ~遭到攻击 an air ~空袭a heart attack 心脏病 a heart disorder,
a heart disease 224. attain v. 获得，达到
of nature 225. attempt n./v.努力；尝试 ~ to do 245. awake (awoke, awoken) v. 唤醒.醒来a.
sth.= make an ~ to do sth. in an ~ to do sth.醒着的 keep sb awake 使…醒着 13. balcony n. 阳台；楼座 努力/尝试去做...... wake sb up 唤醒 14. ball n. 球 ball n. 舞会 226. attend v.出席；照顾 attendant n.服务员 ~ to 246. award n. 奖品，奖励award sb sth 授予 15. ballet n. 芭蕾舞
award sth to sb ; reward sb with sth for doing sb./ sth. 照料；从事；处理attend the meeting 16. balloon n.气球
= be present at the meeting sth give sb a reward of...for. 17. ballpoint = ballpoint pen n. 圆珠笔 227. attention n. attentive adj.注意力集中的 247. aware a. 明白的，意识到的be aware of = 18. bamboo n. 竹
pay ~ to sth.注意.. catch/draw /attract/hold be conscious of 知道意识到 19. ban n. 禁令 v. 禁止；取缔Swimming in this
river is banned sb’s ~ (to sth.)吸引某人的注意力（到......） 248. away ad. 离开；远离be away from 离 run
38. bath n.洗浴 bathe v. be bathed in the
sunshine沐浴在阳光之中
39. bear vt.忍受；承受(bore/born-borne) He
can’t ~ being looked down upon.He was born
in Shanghai. They have borne three children. bear = stand = put up with bear the red cross标有 bear a share of responsibility承担
40. beat v.打；击败（beat/beaten）beat sb 打败…
228. attentively ad. 注意地 229. attitude n. 态度，看法an attitude to/towards 对…的态度 show one's attitude 表明态度 230. attract vt.吸引 attractive adj.有吸引力的；迷人的 attraction n.吸引（人的人或物）be attractive to sb.吸引某人be attracted to sth. 被......吸引 231. audience n. 观众，听众A radio announcer may have an audience of millions一个广播员可能拥有数百万名听众; （vocabulary，population , staff） a small(large) audience 232. August n. 8月 233. Aunt n. 伯母；舅母；婶；姑；姨 234. Australia n. 澳洲；澳大利亚 Australian a. 澳洲的，澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人 235. authentic a. 真正的 236. author n. 作者，作家 237. authority n. 权威，官方 238. automatic a . 自动的 239. autonomous a. 自主的，自治的 240. autumn n. 秋天，秋季 241. available a. 可用的sth be available to sb可取得的 242. avenue n. 大道 243. average n./adj.平均(的) on (the) ~ 平均（来说） above/below the ~ 在一般平均以上/下 244. avoid v. 避免，躲开，逃避 2012年英语考纲词汇
away 逃走put sth away 收起give away 20. banana n. 香蕉 泄漏throw away 扔 turn away from避开，21. bandage n. 绷带
不理睬 22. bang int. 砰 249. awesome a. 使人敬畏的 23. bank n. （河、海、湖的）岸，堤 n. 银250. awful a. 可怕的，糟透的 行 bank account n. 银行账户
251. awkward a. 不灵活的，难堪的,笨拙的，24. bar n. 条；（长方）块，棒，横木 n. （酒困难的 店的）买酒柜台；酒吧；（卖东西的）柜台 B 25. barbecue n. 烤肉野餐 1. baby n. 婴儿 26. barber n.（为男人理发的）理发师
2. bachelor n. 未婚男子，学士 barbershop n. 理发店 3. back ad. 回（原处）；向后a. 后面的n. 背27. bare a. 裸露的barely (never, rarely,
后，后部；背 backache n. 背痛lie on
hardly, scarcely, seldom) He barely one's back 四脚朝天躺着the back number goes there, does he? of...过期的…(the current…) back and 28. bargain v. 讨价还价 n. 讨价还价；便宜货 forth来回 turn one's back on sb 不理睬… a real ~便宜货beat a bargain with sb 与…讨4. background n. 背景historical background 价还价make a bargain with sb 与…成交 历史背景 He is a worker by pick up a bargain 买到便宜货 background .他是工人出身。 29. bark v. 狗叫 n. 狗叫声 5. backward(s) ad. 向后 30. barrier n. 妨碍 6. bacon n. 咸猪肉；熏猪肉 31. base n. 基地；基础（棒球）垒 vt.以......7. bacterium (复bacteria) n. 细菌 为基础
8. bad adj. (worse/worst) from ~ to worse ~ A on B A以B为基础/依据 be ~d on
每况愈下go ~ 变质 Not ~.还好 以......为基础 on the basis of 在…基础上，9. badly adv. be ~ ill得了need sth. ~ 急需be ~ 在…前提下
off生活较差 32. baseball n. 棒球 10. baggage u.n.行李 （=luggage） 33. basement n. 地下室 11. bake v. 烤； 烘（面包） bakery n. 面34. basic a. 基本的
包店 35. basin n. 水盆，脸盆 12. balance n. 平衡. keep balance 保持平衡36. basket n. 篮子 basketball n. 篮球 break balance 打破平衡 destroy balance 37. bat n. （棒球、板球的）球棒 n. 蝙蝠 4
The waves beat the shore.浪打岸 My heart beats fast.心跳
41. beauty n. beautiful adj. beautifully adv.
beautify vt.美化
42. become/became/become link.v.系动词 43. because of=on account of=owing to prep. 由
于 She cried because of what I had said about her work.
44. bed n. go to ~ (college /church /court
/hospital/school/)(零冠词)强调抽象意义 45. be in ~ (college/church/court/hospital) 强调
状态be able to be bad for be busy with be covered with be famous for be good at
46. long before 很久以前 before long = soon =
presently不久
47. beg v.乞讨；哀求begging begged beggar
n.乞丐 ~ sb. for sth. go ~ging去乞讨beg a favour of sb 向…乞求帮助go begging 乞讨beg sb to do 乞求 48. begin/began/begun v. beginning
beginner初学者 Well begun, half done.良好的开端成功的一半。to ~ with首先=first of all in the beginning at the beginning of begin with ( end with ) to begin with 首先at the beginning of 在…初 from the (very ) beginning 从…一开始
49. behave yourself 行为规矩些be on one's
good behaviour举动规矩, 检点
50. from behind the door 从门后 behind
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