一、单选题
1. Which of the following does not belong to the branches of phonetics? A) acoustic phonetics B) auditory phonetics C) articulatory phonetics D) learning phonetics
2. The word “partner reduction” is an example of _______ in word formation or use? A) acronym B) blending C) euphemism D) back formation 3. ______ is the study of how language works in social interaction. A) Sociolinguistics B) Psycholinguistics C) Cognitive linguistics D) Neurolinguistics
4. The relationship between “tulip/ flower” is _______. A) relational opposites B) complementary C) gradable opposites D) hyponymy
5. ______ is the study of the linguistic meaning of words and sentences. A) Semantics B) Pragmatics C) Syntax D) Morphology 6. ______ is one of the main features of interlanguage.
A) Fossilization B) Utilization C) Assimilation D) Deletion
7. Compared with “nurture” position, “nature” position advocates that human beings are innately equipped with _______ in the process of second language acquisition. A) comprehensible input B) language acquisition device C) competence D) language transfer
8. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations form ________. A) minimal set B) minimal pairs
C) phonemic contrast D) complementary distribution.
9. The relationship between a speech sound and the meaning it represents is ________. A) natural B) arbitrary C) familiar D) non-arbitrary 10. “Received Pronunciation” (RP) exemplifies ________.
A) sociolect B) regional dialect C) ethnic dialect D) idiolect 二、名词解释
1.synchronic study and diachronic study :
2.linguistic imperialism and cultural imperialism : 3.instrumental motivation and integrative motivation : 4.phonetics and phonology :
5.linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity: 三、判断
1). Standard dialect is a particular variety of a language which any member of a speech community can possibly use regardless of his/ her social and geographical backgrounds, his/ her gender and age.
2). Closed class words are the content words of a language.
3). Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentence.
4). Contexturalism attempts to define the meaning of a language form as the“situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the speaker”. 5). Odgen & Rechard’s semantic triangle exemplified contextualism.
6). Language is culturally transmitted. 7). Interlanguage is second language.
8). X bar theory emphasizes the head-centered characteristic of phrase structure rules. 9). When the notion of texture was taken into consideration, semantics spilled over into pragmatics.
10). Prescriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are. 四、问答
1.Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. He believes that she loves that cat.
2.Summarize the individual differences in second language acquisition. Specify the six sense relations between sentences.
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