虚拟语气
一、 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 （一）形式 从句 过去完成时 If + 主语 + had done 与过去 事实相反 If you had been here last night, 如果昨晚你在那儿， If you had got there earlier, 如果你早一点儿到的话， 过去时 If + 主语 + were/did/ 与现在 事实相反 If I were you, 如果我是你的话 If there was no air, 如果没有空气 过去时 If + 主语 + were/did/were to do If + 主语 + should do 与将来 事实相反 If it were Sunday tomorrow, 如果明天是周日的话， If you were to visit the school tomorrow, 明天你要是参观那所学校 If you should meet him, 如果你要见他， 主句 过去将来完成时 主语+should/would/might/could have done nothing would have happened 什么事业不会发生。 you would have caught the bus. 你就会赶上那辆公共汽车。 过去将来时 主语+should/would/might/could do I should go/would go at once. 我立刻就走 people would die. 人们就会死去。 过去将来时 主语+should/would/might/could do we wouldn’t have an exam. 我们就不参加考试了。 you would see me. 你就会见到我。 you would say “hello” to him. 请问他好。 I.动词的语气简介：
语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。
? 动词的四种语气：
? 1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的。 ? Flowers blossom in the spring. ? He played the piano well.
? 2、疑问语气——用来提出问题。
? 3、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。 ? Let us help you.
? Keep off the grass.
? 4、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。
II.虚拟语气的运用
? 一、在if条件从句中的运用
（一）表格及注意事项
? 注：
? 1. 目前，虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其
他有些情况可以用was。
? 2. 如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to 较少。
? （二）、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装 ? 若符合下列条件，可以省略if:
? 1.必须是非真实条件句，并且有were, had, should时，才可以省略if. ? 2.省略if时，主语与were, had, should的位置必须相互调换。 ? 万一我见到她，我会告诉她的。 ? If I should meet her, I would tell her. ? Should I meet her, I would tell her.
? 如果我处在你的位置上，我会做得更好。 ? If I were in your position, I would do it better. ? Were I in your position, I would do it better ? 如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。
? If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. ? Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
(三)含蓄条件句
假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but，but for， otherwise等。
I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up. If I had not lost her phone number… But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school.
If you had not helped me…
I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the lecture.
A. had attended
B. would have attended C. would attend D. attended
二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（一）在wish引导的宾语从句中，表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。 主句wish的时态不影响从句的时态。
1.与现在事实相反的愿望，从句动词用一般过去时(be变为were） 我希望我是你多好啊！ I wish I were you.
? 2.与过去事实相反的愿望，从句动词用过去完成时 ? 我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！ ? I wish I had learned more.
? 他要是不犯那个大错误，该多好啊！
? He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
3.与将来事实可能相反的愿望，从句动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形” 。 最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊。
? The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance. ? （二）在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词
? 1. (demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order,
recommend, …) 谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。 ? 注意：
? 1. 如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前。 ? The head nurse insisted that the patient （should) not be moved.
? 2. 另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的
从句不用虚拟语气
? 3. 除此之外，上述动词的其它形式也要求用虚拟式
①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后的主语从句需要虚拟。 It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+系动词，其后的表语从句需要虚拟。 ? His suggestion was that classes (should) be re-scheduled. ? ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中
? The workers raised the demand that their pay (should) be increased to
cope with the inflation.
? （三） Would rather (that) + 从句
? A + would rather (that) + B
? ? ? ?
? ?
+ 过去时 （与现在或将来相反） + 过去完成时 （与过去相反） 你要是去那里就好了。
I would rather you had gone there. 你要是现在留在家里就好了。
I would rather you stayed at home now.
三、其它形式的虚拟语气
? 1. It is + necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital,
advisable等双音节或多音节的形容词后的主语从句中，需要使用虚拟语气。 ? It is necessary that you (should) listen to the teacher carefully.
? It is essential that you (should) be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ? 2. 在It?s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。 ? 谓语动词用过去式。
? It is high time that you went to school.
? ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用 ? 状语从句的谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
主句+as if (though)+主语+
were/过去时 〉表示与主句动作同时发生
could/would +动词原形〉表示动作可能在将来发生
had+过去分词〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前 He treats me as if I were a stranger.
She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years.
? ⒋ 在lest, for fear that （唯恐; 以免）引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语
气，(should )+ 动词原形。
? The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998
年1月四级第38题）
? 5. If only + 从句 表示“愿望”的虚拟 ? 现在时：If only I were here.
过去时：If only I had been here. 将来时：If only I would be here.
动词向前推一个时态。
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