初三英语新目标15单元知识点汇总
基础知识预览
重点单词 save manatee gentle furry enormous playful aggressive gray spotted cheetah mangrove swamp chimpanzee habitat aquatic vegetation weigh suit tiny educate raise urge recycle stuff material glue discard expression flag recently plastic certainly proud pull 重点短语 1．be against 反对 2．be suitable for 对??合适 3．1iving text books 活教材 4．care for 关心，关怀，照顾 5．endangered animals 濒临灭绝的动物 6．pull down 摧毁，推翻 7．be made of／from 由??制成 8．hear of／about 听说 9．discarded tiles 被丢弃的瓷砖 10．spare time 业余时间 11．protect the environment 保护环境 12．out of 用??制成 重点句型 1．I’m writing to say that? 2．We’re trying to save．．． 3．But it’s hard to stop riding in cars． 4．I urge all of your readers to visit? 5．I disagree with you． 6．And the fence is built out of used soda cans． 7．I feel that zoos provide clean and safe places for endangered animals to live． 8．I think that?should not? 交际用语 1．I think that? 2．I agree／disagree with you． 3．1 believe that? 4．I feel that? 5．I urge．．． 课标考点详解
1．save v．挽救；营救
save one’s life 救??的命
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It was too late to save the boy and he died．男孩未获得及时抢救，所以死了。 He has already saved a lot of land．他已挽救了大片的土地。 思维拓展 （1） 节省，节约 We can save time and money by shopping at supermarket. 我们到超市购物可以节省时间和金钱。 All the students must save water. 全体学生必须节约用水。 （2） 储蓄，贮存 We should save some money for travelling. 我们应该攒一些钱去旅游。 save one’s face 保全面子 save the situation 挽回形势 save up 储蓄，贮存 模拟演练 They the old man the fire yesterday． A．save；from B．saves；to C．saved；from D．saved；through 点拨：句意为“昨天他们从火海中救出了这位老人”。此句为一般过去时，“从??之中”要用from表示，所以选C项。
2．aggressive 是一个形容词，意思是“侵犯的。挑衅的”。它可以用英语解释为“ready or likely to aght or argue”。它用作形容词还可以表示“有进取心的”。
He is very aggressive． 他生性好斗。
The men were drunk，aggressive and looking for a fight． 那些人喝醉了，一副挑衅的架势，想找人打架。
A successful businessman has to be aggressive．一个成功的商人必须要有进取心。 思维拓展 aggressive是由动词aggress“攻击，侵犯”+ 形容词后缀-ive构成的形容词。后缀-ive常 用来构成形容词。 attract吸引 + -ive = attractive吸引人的 effect效果 + -ive = effective有效的 collect收集 + -ive = collective集体的 expense费用 + -ive = expensive昂贵的 act行动 + -ive = active积极的 模拟演练—用所给动词的适当形式填空 He is an (act)boy。
3．spotted是由动词spot的过去分词转化而来的形容词。意思是“有斑点的”。 The floor was spotted with paint． 地板上有很多油漆污点。
spot可以用作动词表示“看出，认出”的意思。它用作名词可以表示“斑点，污点；地点”等意思。
Luckily，the enemy planes were spotted early．幸亏及早发现了敌机。
I spotted a break in the fence and headed towards it．我看到篱笆破了一块，便朝
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那里走去。
She had spots on her face when she was ill．当她生病的时候，她脸上有斑点。 In this disease，spots appear on the legs．得了这种病，腿上会出现斑点。 This is a nice spot for a house．这里是建房的好地方。 模拟演练
His tie was blue with white 。 A．spotted B．spot C．spotting D．spots
点拨：with是介词，后需接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。White是形容词，修饰名词，而句意要表达“带白色点”的，名词应用复数形式，因此选D项。
4．environment是一个由动词environ“包围”+ 名词后缀-ment构成的名词，意思是“环境”。
The children have a happy environment at school． 孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。
We should prevent the pollution of the environment．我们应该防止环境污染。 思维拓展 “动词+名词后缀一ment”可以用来构成名词。 develop发展 + -ment = development发展 arrange安排 + -ment = arrangement安排 excite使兴奋 + -ment = excitement兴奋 manage管理 + -ment = management管理 模拟演练—用所给动词的适当形式填空 Preventing the pollution of the （environ）is our duty． 点拨：句意为“防止环境污染是我们的职责”。“环境”是名词，“所给动词 + 后缀-ment”可构成名词，因此应填environment。
5．care for “关怀，照顾”，它相当于词组look after。
Uncle Dick is very good at caring for sick animals．迪克叔叔照看生病的动物很在行。
She cared for her father all through his long illness．她在父亲久病期间一直照顾着他。
The children are being well cared for． 孩子们得到了精心的照顾。 思维拓展 词组care for还可以表示“喜欢，想要”的意思，一般用于疑问句和否定句中。 Would you care for a drink? 你想要喝一杯饮料吗? I don’t care for tea． 我不喜欢喝茶。 真题再现 Lots of people in our city the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses．
A．agree with B．worry about C．1augh at D．care for 点拨：由句意“人们为老人让座”，说明是关心老人，故选care for。正确答案为D项。
6．be made from“由??制成的”，它指原材料经过了化学变化，从成品看不出
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其原材料。
Paper is made from wood． 纸是用木头制造的。
The drink is made from pears． 这种饮料是用梨制成的。 Bread is made from wheat． 面包是用小麦制成的。 思维拓展 有关“be made”的词组： be made of 用??制造(能分辨出原材料) be made in 在??地方制造 be made into 被制成??(强调制成品) be made by 被??制造 be made from 由??制造(不能分辨出原材料) be made up of 由??组成(强调组成部分) 真题再现 — The skirt looks different from others and it is nice． — Thanks．It by my mother last month． A．made B．is made C．has been made D．was made
点拨：由last month可知，应用一般过去时，it指skirt，其作主语，应用被动语态。所以应填D项。
7．out of 意思是“用??制成”。 思维拓展 You could make a table out of this wood. 你可以用这块木料做一张桌子。 词组out of还可以表示“离开，脱离；缺乏或没有”等意思。 She took her purse out of her bag. 她从手提包里取出钱包。 The doctors say she’s out of danger. 医生们说她已脱离危险。 Nine out of ten people prefer this model. 10个人中有9个人喜欢这个模型。 We’re out of milk. 我们没有牛奶了。 We’re out of breath. 我们揣不过起来了。 We’re out of work. 我们失业了。 真题再现 I will not buy that refrigerator because I have money． A．got out of B．taken out of C．looked out of D．run out of
点拨：本题考查out of词组的含义及用法，run out of意为“用完”，符合题意，所以选D项。
8．raise v．筹集，集资
We have raised nearly$1000 for our school． 我们已经为我们的学校筹集了将近1000美元。
They are raising money to pay for a new hospital ward．他们正在筹集资金建造一个新病房。 思维拓展 raise用作动词还可以表示“举起；提出；养育”等意思。 He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
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I wanted to raise a question to the chairman, but in a moment I lost my nerve. 我想向主席提一个问题，但立刻我又没有了勇气。 I can’t raise a family on what I earn. 我所赚的钱不够养家。 模拟演练 The box is so heavy that I can’t it. A．rise B．raised C．rose D．raise
点拨：rise是“升起；站起来”的意思，是不及物动词，所以不可选A项。raise强调抬高的动作，符合题意，因此选D项。
疑点难点透析
I．huge／vast
1．It is a expanse of desert。 2．Four days after setting out，while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic，a iceberg was suddenly seen by them． 辨析：huge和vast都有“大”的意思。huge强调体积方面的“巨大”；vast强调幅员“辽阔，广阔”。 答案：1．vast 2．huge
Ⅱ．be made in／be made by／be made into／be made with 1．The mobile Japan.
2．Is this cake your mother?
3．Metal can all kinds of things. 4．Bikes machines by workers.
辨析：be made in在??地方制造的；be made by被??（人）制作的；be made into被制成??；be made with（某物）是由（某种工具）制作而成的。
答案：1．is made in 2．made by 3．be made in to 4．are made with
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