高考英语一轮复习语法练习：情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情 态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别； 情态动词否定式的用法辨析： “ 情态动词 +have done 的用法区别等。
虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、 宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上， 因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的 时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚 拟语气的具体形式。
虚拟语气考点透析
考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法
1.
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语 +动词的一般过去时（ be 动词用 were） +其他
成分 +if+should/would/could...+ 动词原形 +其他成分。例如：
① If it were not for the fact that she sing ，I would invite her to the party.
A.
couldn 't B.shouldn 't C.can 't D.might not
解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。
that 从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为 C。
2.
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语 +动词的过去完成时 +其他成分
+if+should/would/could...+have done+ 其他成分。例如：
If the weather had been better ， we could have had a it all day. A.
rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining
解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子 前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。 “下了一天的雨”是事 实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为 A。
3.
与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语 +动词的一般过去时 /should do/were to do+ 其
他成分 +if+should/would/could...+ 动词原形 +其他成分。例如：
If I ___ plan to do anything I want to ，I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would B.could
C.had to
D.ought to
解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些 地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为
考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有 if 从句，而是以 but for/without/or/otherwise 等引导的句子代 替 if 从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don ' t think we it without you. A.can manage C.could managed
B.could have managed
D.can have managed
B。
解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处 理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用 could have done，故 应选 B。
考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： It 's hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love ，at
the age of
seven， with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn ' t have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall
解析 句意为： 如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的 Melinda Cox 图书馆的话， 很难想象 今天的我会是什么样子。 主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情， 从句描述的是与过去事 实相反的事情。正确答案为
B。
考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在 it 做形式宾语或形式 主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是 necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame 等表 示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“ should+动词原形”， 其中 should 可以省略。例如：
— Don't you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York ？ — I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent ；that B.not be sent； that
C.should not be sent； what D.should not send ；what
解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗？句子表示理 应如此的意思。正确答案为 B。
情态动词考点透析
考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查
情态动词的基本含义，一直 是高考考查的重要内容。例如：
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ________ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
解析 ：考查情态动词的基本含义。 had to ：不得不； would ：表示意愿或过去常常； could 倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力； was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到 的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是
C。
分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情 态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是 shall, should, can, may 四个常用 情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。
二、情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, I ' m late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back
to sleep again .
A. might B. should C. can D. will
解析： might have done : （ 过去）可能做过某事； shouldhave done : 本应该做某 事。根据本句提供的情境 I 'm late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是： A。
分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在 must, can, could, may, might
上，准
确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。 Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测； can, could 用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测； may, might 用于陈述句，表示 可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中， c
an't （不可能）的语气比 may not （可能不）强。 此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测 ,
对过去推测用情态动词 +have done ， 对现在推测用情态动词 + 动词原形。
三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查
情态动词＋ have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉 及到情态动词的一个重要方面。
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday 's party. You ______ come, but why didn '
t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
解析 ： ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做， should do 表示现 在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterday ' s party 表示的时间不一致。所以选 D。
分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟 ‘用法， 表示与过去事实相反的情况。 近几年高考， 主要侧重
should (not )have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却 未做的事，在复习时，还应关
注其它几种虚拟形式，如 need (not)have done 表示本来 需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。
考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查
1.Tom ,you didn ' t come to the par ty last night?
— I ___ , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .
A. had to B. didn 't C. was going to
D. wouldn ' t
解析： had to: 不得不； didn 't: 没来； was going to ：打算来； wouldn 't: 不愿 来。句意：——汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗？——我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业 要做。 But 是关键词，所以答案是： C。
2. ___________________________ Your phone number again? I
quite catch it .
—It 's .
A. didn 't B. couldn ' t
C. don 't D. can ' t
解析：记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说 没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选 A。
精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1. “I still haven 't thanked Aunt Lucy for her
present.
A. do
B . did
” “ It ' s time you
C. had D . would 2. If I 't been lucky enough to meet you. I really what I would have done. hadn _____________________________________________ A. don 't know B. hadn 't known
C. wasn 'kntowing
D. wouldn 't know
3. “I 've told everyone about it.
” “Oh, I 'd rather you ____ . ”
A. don 't B. hadn 't
there by
C. couldn 't D. wouldn 't
4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn 't rained, we tomorrow.
A. can 't get C. hadn ' t got
B. won 't get D. wouldn ' t get
5. “ Do you know his addre？ss” “ No, I also wish I __________ where he . ” A. knew, live B . knew, lives C. know, lives D . know, lived 6. “Isn 't it about time you _ to do morning exer？cis”es “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us？” A. begin C. began
B . have begun D . had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn 't have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall A. had scored C. would score
B . scored
D . would have scored
D . were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he a goal.
9. If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies C. had lain
B . lay
D . should lie
for us to
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun heat, the ea'rths a t night live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. I forget where I read the article, or I it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 12. “It lookss aif he were drunk. ” “So it does. ___ . ” A. He 'd better give up drinking B. He shouldn 't have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so
13. “ Malroyoks hot and dry ” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever. A. do B. are C. will D. would 14. “He will come tomorrow. A. will come C. came
B. is coming D . had come
” “But I 'd rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.
15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he badly wounded and that he
at once.
A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on 16. _____ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
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