识广, Huang ZL (黄忠良, Li J (李炯, Zhang DQ (张德强. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization along a forest successional gradient in southern China. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报, 2007, 18 (8: 1688~1694 5 Trumbore S. Carbon respired by terrestrial ecosystem-recent progress and challenges. Global Change Biol, 2006, 12: 141~153 6 Long SP, Hutchin PR. Primary production in grasslands and coniferous forests with climate change: An over view. Ecol Appl, 1991, 1: 139 ~156 7 IPCC Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 8 IPCC Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation & Vulnerability. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 1~18 9 Matson PA, McDowell W H, Tow nsend A R , Vitousek PM. T he globalization of N deposition: Ecosystem consequences in tropical ecosystems. Biogeochem, 1999, 46 (1~3: 67~83 10 Zheng XH, Fu CB, Xu XK, Yan XD, Huang Y, Han SH, Hu F, Chen GX. The Asian nitrogen cycle case study. Ambio: J Human Environ, 2002, 31 (2: 79 ~87 11 Chen XM (陈小梅, Liu JX (刘菊秀, Deng Q (邓琦, Chu GW (褚国 伟, Zhou GY (周国逸, Zhang DQ (张德强. Effects of precipitation intensity on soil organic carbon fractions and their distribution under subtropical forests of South China. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报, 需要一 个 长期过 程 才会发 生较大的变化，本研 究的室内培 养实验周期较短， 氮添加对SOC矿化过程的影响可能还难以 显现. 3.3 降 水 强 度 变 化 和 氮 沉 降 对 土 壤 微 生 物 量 碳 （SMBC） 的影响 已有研 究认为，降水 通 过 影响土壤 水分 含 量 直接 调控 土壤的气体交换、 微生物养分供应与温度 [25] ， 而土壤湿度、 SOC输入等因素极易影响SMBC的含量 [33]. 本研究中， 温度、 去除降水（干旱）能够 减 少森 林SMBC含量，且 对季风 林森 林SMBC减少作用明显； 降水增加对SMBC影响不明显. 可能 是因为： 根据鼎湖山长期的台站观测数据及研究显示， 鼎湖 山森林土壤湿度较大（季风林 >混交林 >松林） 降水量增加 ， 虽会使土壤湿度升高， 但是土壤湿度增加范围没有达到影响 微生物活动的临界值， 从而使降水增加对SMBC无明显影响. 降水减少（干旱）引起的土壤湿度下降可能通过 对土壤气体 交换、 微生物养分供应与温度的影响而影响微生物种群格局 和活性， 从而导致SMBC的减少. 这与李世清等对黄土高原红 油土实验室培养发现的土壤水分只有在干旱的条件下才会成 为
微 生物活动的障碍因子的结论基 本一致 [34]. 其次，SMBC 含量一般受到SOC初始含量和土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）的 影响， 季风林SOC总量和DOC含量都相对较高， 可能使季风 林土壤微生物量碳对降水减少响应更明显. 以往 的 研 究 多 表 明 氮 沉 降 的 持 续 增 加 明 显 地 抑 制了 SMBC的积累， 主要原因都归结于土壤微生物群落结构和功 能的改变 [13, 35, 36] . Boxman等在NITREX项目的实验样地中发 [35] 现， 输入的氮几乎对真菌和细菌生物量没有任何影响 .而 本研究也发现氮沉降增加对SMBC没有显著影响（P>0.05）. 原因可能在于： 地处广东省珠江三角洲下风向的鼎湖山自然 保护区的氮沉降 量已经与欧 洲和北美一些高氮沉降区的量 相当 [15] . 在长期的高 N沉降背景下，尽管土壤 有机物含量增 加， 但不易被土壤微生物分 解利用成分增多 [32, 37]， 从而影响 SMBC的形成. 同时， 高N沉降导致鼎湖山土壤pH值的降低、 可交 换性阳离子浓 度 增 加等， 可能使 土壤 微 生物的 活性以 及 土壤微 生物 群落结 构发 生耐氮 适 应性的改变，从而造成 SMBC对不同氮添加没有显著响应. 另外， 本研究中氮添加对 SMBC影响与其他研究结果的不同， 也可能在于室内温 度、 湿度等因素比较单一， 微生物失去了对野外复杂环境因子交 互作用的复杂响应. 氮添加可能抑制了SMBC的积累， 但其他 环境因素也可能促进土壤微生物量碳的积累. 各种因素综合 作用可能使SMBC增加量或减少量相互抵消. http://www.cibj.com/ Chin J Appl Environ Biol 应用与环境生物学报
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