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新世纪大学英语第二册备课笔记
Unit Two: Optimism and Positive Thinking
Section One: Warm up
1.Are you an optimist or a pessimist?
Task 1: Look at the following picture. What do you see?
Oral Discussion: Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
How do you feel about your present life? Are you in a bad mood sometimes? If so, why?
Do you know how to keep yourself in a good mood?
How do youreact to difficulties in life? Can you give an example? Do you think optimism is the key to a happy and better life?
Section Two: Quotes
Study the following quotes about personality and see if you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes.
⊙Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
─ Victor Hugo
⊙What seems to us as bitter trials are often blessings in disguise (伪装).
─ Oscar Wilde
⊙A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.
─ Winston Churchill
⊙Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence.
─ Helen Keller
Background: information: About Victor Hugo:
Victor Hugo : French writer of poems, plays, and novels. Two of his most famous novels, Notre Dame de Paris (《巴黎圣母院》); in English also called The Hunchback of Notre Dame (《钟楼怪人》) and Les Misérables《(悲惨世界》), have been made into films, and Les Misérables has also been made into a famous musical (音乐剧).
About Oscar Wilde:
Oscar Wilde /5CskE(r) waIld/ (1854-1900): Irish writer of poems, stories, and especially humorous plays. He is best known for his play The Importance of Being Earnest and for his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
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About Winston Churchill:
Winston Churchill /5wInstEn 5tF\\:tFIl/ (1874-1965): British politician who was Prime Minister during most of World War II and again from 1951 to 1955. He is still remembered and admired by most British people as a great leader who made possible Britain?s victory in the war.
About Helen Keller:
Helen Keller /5helEn 5kelE(r)/ (1880-1968): US writer known especially for the way she learned to speak and write after becoming blind and deaf as a baby. She greatly helped blind and deaf people by collecting money, making speeches, and trying to change people?s attitudes. She was the subject of a famous book and film about her life called The Miracle Worker (《奇迹创造者》).
Section Three: Read and Explore
Text A
Part I :Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph numbers of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.
▆Answers for Reference:
Part Paragraph(s)
1-3 One Two
Three
Part II: In-depth Study
Key Words and Expressions for Text A
4-7
8-10 Main Idea
It is necessary to choose optimism to shape our outlook and expectations.
The author illustrates the effect ofnegativism through his own experience.
The author suggests that we direct our attention to positive and constructive thinking rather than to negativism.
reverse n.
[(of)] the opposite; the other way round [常与of连用]相反
e. g.If you tell these naughty children to do something, they will often just do the exact reverse.
He did the reverse of what we expected: instead of being angry, he bought us a drink. 他所做的和我们的预料正相反——他非但没有生气，反而请我们喝酒。
in reverse
in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation; vice versa 反过来；反之亦然 e. g.The secret number is my phone number in reverse.
To stop the engine you repeat the same procedures, but in reverse. 若想停下引擎，则重复相同的步骤，但要以相反的顺序。
shape vt.
influence and fix the course or form of 影响（……的形态等）；决定（进程等） e. g. She had a leading role in shaping the party?s policy.
It is said that childhood experiences can shape a person?s character. 据说童年经历能影响一个人的性格。
curse vi. & vt.
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express a wish that great misfortune will happen to (sb.), esp. by calling on magical powers 诅咒
e. g.People in many cultures believe witch doctorshave the power to bless or curse their lives.
She cursed him for ruining her life. 她诅咒他，说他毁了她一生。
perspective n.
[(on)]the way in which a situation or problem is judged, so that (proper) consideration and importance is given to each part [常与on连用]（观察问题的）视角 e. g.The novel is written from a child?s perspective.
The new evidence put an entirely different perspective on the case. 新的证据使我们要从完全不同的视角来看待这个案子。
view vt.
[esp. (as, with)]consider; regard; think about [尤与as或with连用]考虑，看，认为 e. g.They try to view the situation objectively.
They viewed the future with some expectation. 他们怀着某种期待看未来。 Collocations:
view sth. as sth. 把……看作……
view sth. from sth. 从……角度来看待……
view sth. / sb. from a … perspective
think about sth. or sb. in a particular way 从……视角来看待某事或某人
e. g. Your point can be viewed from both the woman?s perspective and the man?s.
If we view the problem from a different perspective, a solution may become more obvious. 假如我们从另一个视角考虑这个问题，或许会更容易找到解决办法。
highlight vt.
pick out (sth.) as an important part; throw attention onto 使……显著[突出]，使注意力集中于 e. g.These figures clearly hightlight the differences in living standards between the two areas.
The report on the accident highlights the need for considerable improvements in safety. 事故报告强调了提高安全的重要性。
slip over
neglect; omit 忽视，忽略；遗漏
e. g.Don?t slip over the important issue.
I?m sorry I completely slipped over his birthday. 很抱歉，我完全忽略了他的生日。
by choice
because one has chosen; as a result of choosing; because of wanting to 出于自己选择地，凭爱好
e. g. Everything we do, we do by choice; and every choice we make, we make for a reason.
I didn?t have to work all weekend — I did it by choice.
我并不是非得整个周末都工作，我是自己选择这样做的。
by nature
as a result of inherent qualities; innately 出于本性地，天生地
e. g. He is by nature a very happy individual; he seems to have been born with a smile on his lips.
It?s not in her nature to be rude; she?s polite by nature. 她生性并不粗野，倒是很有礼貌。
live through
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remain alive during and in spite of (a difficult or dangerous period) 活过；经过（困难、危险）之后仍活着
e. g. We were all sad to learn that the old man is in a critical condition and may not live through the winter.
He lived through two world wars. 他经历了两次世界大战。
crisis n.
a point or moment of great danger, difficulty, or uncertainty 危机；紧要关头 e. g.We need someone who can stay calm in a crisis.
Relations between the two countries have reached crisis point. 两国关系已经达到出现危机的地步。 Collocations:
cause/stir up a crisis 引起危机 lead to a crisis 导致危机
overcome/settle a crisis 解决危机 in a crisis 处于危机当中
when all is said and done
when everything is considered or explained; after all 结果，说到底，归根结底；毕竟，终究 e. g.When all?s said and done, he?s only a kid and should be excused for his wrongdoing.
When all is said and done, she was a most remarkable woman with a strongcharacter. 归根结底，她是个非常出色的女士，性格坚强。
feed on / upon
(of a feeling, etc.) become stronger because of; (esp. of an animal or baby) eat（感情等）因……变得更强烈；（尤指动物或婴孩）吃，以……为食
e. g. Our memory is limited, but our imaginationis unlimited, and it feeds on optimism and hope.
His self-confidence fed on encouragement from his father. 由于有了父亲的鼓励，他的自信心更强了。 CF: feed, nourish, nurture & supply
这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意。
feed普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。例如：
* The farmer?s wife feeds cattle and sheep every morning.
nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的营养品。句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语。例如：
* Milk, eggs, and meat nourish the bodies of growing boys and girls.
nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助计划、想法、感情等发展。例如：
*We want to nurture the new project, not destroy it. supply表示提供所需物品。例如：
*Most large towns are supplied with electricity.
练习：1. Milk, eggs, and meat the bodies of growing boys and girls. 2. It is mother?s duty to her children. 3. Most large towns are with electricity.
4. The farmer?s wife cattle and sheep every morning. 5. We want to the new project, not to destroy it.
odd a.
different from what is ordinary or expected; unusual 奇特的，古怪的，异常的 e. g. It?s odd of her to dash away without so much as saying goodbye.
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