宾语从句用法详解（精编）

宾语从句用法详解

一、 宾语从句的定义 比较：

We know him. （简单句） 主语S 谓语V 宾语O

We know that he likes English. （复合句） 主语S 谓语V 主语S 谓语V 宾语S

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。 二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意：A、否定前移：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. B、在以下情况中that不能省略

1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.

注意：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time. （二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 注意：A、只能用whether，不能用if引导的情况

1. 在带to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there.

2. 在介词的后面

例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

3. 直接与or not连用时

例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

B、只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 1.

if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2.

if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday. 3.

引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.

（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

三.宾语从句的语序

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。

Helen says that she will learn French next year. Do you know where he comes from? He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time. 四.宾语从句的时态

1、当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

3、当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. I was told that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 附：确定从句时态（根据主句时态） 主句时态 连接前 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时 五、宾语从句学习精要 从句时态 连接后 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：

I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。

I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。

2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：

The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。

3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。

He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。

The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。

4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即(from www.yygrammar.com)：

1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：

He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。

When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。

2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如： He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。 He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。

3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：

Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。