讲义4 形容词和副词

形容词和副词

一. 知识梳理： 1． 形容词：

（1）定义：用来修饰名词，一般放在所修饰的名词前或be动词后。 Eg: She is a good girl.(她是个好女孩。) / The bottle is empty.（瓶子是空的。） （2）常考的形容词：

big(大的)—small(小的) long(长的)—short(短的) tall(高的)—short(矮的) large(大的)—little(小的) clean(干净的)—dirty(脏的) 2． 副词

（1）定义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式、疑问等。 副词所放位置比较灵活：

① 副词修饰形容词和其他副词时，应放在被修饰词之前。Eg: You look very well. ② 副词修饰动词或整个句子时，可放在句尾或句首。 Eg: Luckily, he passed the exam. (幸运的是，她考试及格了。)

③ 当句子中有be动词、助动词或情态动词时，放在这些词后。Eg：It’s over there. 3. 形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级 （1）变化规则： ①规则变化：

A. 单音节形容词和副词的比较级是在词尾加er；最高级是在词尾加est。 Eg: small-smaller-smallest （小的） / fast-faster-fastest （快地）

B. 以哑e结尾的单音节形容词和副词的比较级是在词尾加r；最高级是在词尾加st。 Eg: large-larger-largest(大的) / late-later-latest(晚地)

C. 以辅音字母加y结尾的单音节形容词和副词，先把y变为i, 比较级是再在词尾加er；最高级是再在词尾加est。

Eg: happy-happier-happiest(高兴的) / easy-easier-easiest (简单地)

D. 重读闭音节且结尾只有一个辅音字母的单音节词，（辅元辅倒着数）双写最后的辅音字母，比较级是再在词尾加er；最高级是再在词尾加est。

Eg: big-bigger-biggest(大的) / hot-hotter-hottest(热地)

E．部分双音节词和多音节词，比较级是在原级前加more，最高级是在原级前加most。 Eg: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful(漂亮的)

carefully-more carefully-most carefully(仔细地)

巧学巧记 形容词有三级，原级、比较级和最高级。 原级词尾无变化， 比较级词尾加er; 最高级词尾加est, 多音节词前加more、most构成比较与最高。

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new(新的)—old(旧的) young(年青的)—old(老的) sharp(锋利的)—blunt(钝的)

light(轻的)—heavy(重的)

②常考的不规则变化：

两好：good/well-better-best 三坏ill/bad/badly-worse-worst 两多many/much-more-most 一少little-less-least

一老old-older(更老的)/elder(更大的)-oldest(最老的)/eldest(最大的) （年龄/顺序）

一远far-farther(更远的)/further(更远地)-farthest(最远的)/furthest(最远地) (具体距离/远景计划) （3）用法： ①原级：

A. 在肯定句中， “as+形容词/副词原级+as”； 表示“和…一样…”

Eg: Jim is as tall as his father, and he also runs as fast as his father.(吉姆和他爸爸一样高，也和他爸爸跑得一样快。) B．在否定句中，“not so/as+形容词/副词原级+as”； 表示“不如…” Eg: This book is not as/so cheap as that one.(这本书没有那本书便宜。)

Tony doesn’t jump as/so far as his brother.(托里没有他弟弟跳得远。)

②比较级用于两者之间做比较时；“形容词/副词的比较级+than”, 表示“比…更…”。形容词常用much, rather, quite, little等修饰。

Eg: This book is more expensive than that one. (这本书比那本书贵。)

Tony jumps father than his brother. (托里比他弟弟跳得远。) 注意短语补充：

A. 比较级and比较级，表示“越来越”。Eg: better and better（越来越好）

B. the+比较级A, the+比较级B，表示“越A，越B”。Eg: The more, the better.(越多越好。)

③最高级用于三者或三者以上作比较时；形容词前必须加定冠词或形容词性物主代词；“the+形容词/副词的最高级+名词+比较范围”。（比较范围常用of/in/among连接。） Eg: Spring is the best season of the year.(春天是一年中最好的季节。) Tony runs fast in his team.(托尼在队里跑得最快。)

二. 语法针对训练：

（一）按要求写出下列各词的正确形式。

good(比较级) easiest(原级) dangerous(最高级) thin(比较级) cute(最高级) happy(比较级) old(最高级) white(对应词)

（二）单项选择。

( ) 1. You can see that place .

A. easily

B. easy

C. much easy C. much higher

D. easier D. much high D. happily, happy

( ) 2. I jump than you. A. more high

B. more higher

( ) 3. The children look very today. They are playing in the park.

A. happy, happy B. happily, happily C. happy, happily

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( ) 4. She can sing I.

A. as good as B. as better as A. well

B. good

C. as best as

D. as well as D. better D. best D. furthest

( ) 5. The girl in green dances than the girl in blue.

C. best C. the best C. further

( ) 6. He is student in my class. A. good B. better A. far

B. farther

( ) 7. ---Are you going to have study? ---No, I have to go to work. ( ) 8. he is, he will be.

A. The busy, the happier C. The busier, the happy

( ) 9. My book is newer than . A. he

（三）用所给形容词填空，每个单词限用一次。

short big dirty interesting new easy old thirsty good busy

1. I have a dog. My sister has a small cat. 2. This is my story book. It’s an book. 3. This is my grandpa. He is too to work.

4. Today is Sunday. My mother is washing clothes. She is very . 5. There is a tree in our garden. It’s very . 6. Tom has a picture in his hand. 7. That’s a idea.

8. Linda is . Now she is drinking some water. 9. Our classroom is . Let’s clean it.

10. I like English. I think it’s . But my brother thinks it’s difficult.

阅读及语言运用能力训练 阅读理解。

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B. The busy, the happy D. The busier, the happier C. our C. so big as

D. we D. bigger

B. his

( ) 10. The box is not that one.

A. as bigger as A. good and good A. cool

B. so bigger as

( ) 11. Your Math is getting . B. better and better C. well and well B. warm

C. cold

( ) 12. It’s . Put the coat on.

( ) `13. I’m because his story isn’t .

A. bored, interesting A. thin

B. tired, interesting C. sleepy, new B. fat

C. hungry C. the cleverest

( ) 14. Many girls want to be and they eat little rich food. ( ) 15. Lin Hai is of the two.

A. the cleverer B. clever

There are seven days in a week. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Most children go to school from Monday to Friday. Most people don’t work on Saturday or Sunday, and most shops are open every day. Sunday is always a holiday. It’s the first day of the week. Some people go to church(教堂) on that day. The time between Friday evening and Monday morning is weekend. It is the time for rest(休息). We can’t work all the time. We have to rest from time to time.

（一）判断正(T)误(F)。

( ) 1. There are seven days in a week. ( ) 2. The shops are open in England every day. ( ) 3. Some people go to church on Saturday.

( ) 4. The time between Friday and Tuesday is the weekend. ( ) 5. Saturdays and Sundays are the time for rest.

（二）选择正确答案。

( ) 1. Most children don’t go to school on .

A. Saturday

B. Sunday

( ) 2. Most people go to work . A. on Sunday afternoon B. from Monday to Friday ( ) 3. Most students have days holiday. A. two

B. one

( ) 4. Most shops are closed in England on . A. Monday B. Sunday ( ) 5. Saturday is day of a week.

A. the first

B. the last

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C. Saturday and Sunday C. on Saturday morning C. three C. Friday C. the sixth