专题12 特殊句式
从近几年高考试题来看,特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法,交际用语主要考查语境和英语思维习惯。命题的着重点在以下几个方面: 1.考查倒装句式,特别注意以下三种情况: (1)含有否定意义的词置于句首时,部分倒装。 (2)only位于句首修饰状语等,部分倒装。
(3)so/such...that句型中,so/such位于句首时,后面的主句倒装,that从句不倒装。 2.考查省略句的构成,尤其是以下四种情况: (1)省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分。
(2)状语从句省略为“连词+非谓语动词”形式,务必要明确句子主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语的时间关系。 (3)不定式的省略。
(4)not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略。 3.考查强调句型的构成和强调谓语的方法。近几年高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,加大了综合考查语法知识的力度,以下几个方面要引起高度重视: (1)强调句型的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式的构成。 (2)强调not...until...句型的特殊构成方式。
(3)把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
4.考查习惯应答类交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主、提问为辅,侧重考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致以及考生的英语思维意识。要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如打电话、问路、购物等交际话题的固定套语,以及表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。
5.考查语言结构类交际用语。常以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)的方式呈现,侧重考查考生的识记能力和知识积累。要求考生依据对话情景和所掌握的正确交际用语来作出选择。 I.单句语法填空
1.At no time ________ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.(they actually broke, did they actually break)
答案:did they actually break 解析:考查倒装。句意:实际上他们从来没有违反比赛的规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。at no time意为“决不;从不,任何时刻都不”,当其位于句首时,句子应该用部分倒装结构;根据第二个句子的时态可知,此处应该用过去时态。 2.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________ properly in this hospital.(can the patients be treated, the patients can be treated)
答案:can the patients be treated 解析:考查倒装。句意:只有把这家医院医生的人数增加50%,病人才能得到适当的治疗。“only+状语”位于句首时,句子须用部分倒装语序。 3.—I reminded you not to forget to turn off the lights when you left the classroom. —________.(So you did, So do you)
答案:So you did 解析:考查固定结构。句意:“我提醒过你离开教室的时候不要忘记关灯。”“你确实提醒我了。”答句表示对前面所述情况的肯定,所以应用“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”结构,再结合语境可知,应用一般过去时。
4.(2014?郑州高中毕业班质量预测)—How easy is it to find a taxi in this city? —Simply ________ your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. 答案:raise 解析:考查固定句式。句意:“在这座城市打车有多容易呢?”“只需举起手,马上就会有一辆出租车开到你面前。”答句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,故此处应用动词原形。
5.27% of the workers of the factory seemed to have been poisoned by glue in their work. ________ a great percentage!
答案:What 解析:考查感叹句。中心词为名词percentage,所以用what。 6.—You should have told your daughter about the custom of the wedding in Brunei. —I meant ________, but I had some unexpected things. 答案:to have 解析:考查省略。句意:“你本应该告诉你的女儿文莱婚礼中的风俗习惯的。”“我本打算告诉她的,但是我遇到了一些意想不到的事情。”答句完整的形式应该是“I meant to have told her about the custom of the wedding in Brunei ...”,不定式后面的助动词have也需一同保留。
7.(2014?湖南“五市十校”高三联考)You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain. Above all, ________(bring) plenty of drinking water with you.
答案:bring 解析:考查祈使句。句意:去山里散步之前你应该做好充分的准备。最重要的是要带足够多的饮用水。分析句子结构可知,________plenty of drinking water with you为祈使句,此处缺少谓语,故填bring。
8.(2014?福建四地六校高三联考)-Cathy, what are you going to do this weekend?
—________, I'm going to see my parents in the countryside.(If ever, If busy, If anything, If possible)
答案:If possible 解析:考查省略。句意:“Cathy,这周末你打算做什么?”“如果可能的话,我打算去看望乡下的父母。”If ever“如果有过的话”;If busy“如果忙的话”;If anything“如果有的话,如果存在某种情况的话”;If possible“如果可能的话”。根据句意可知,应填If possible。
9.Only when you are living in a foreign country ________ the importance of English.(you can realize, can you realize)
答案:can you realize 解析:考查倒装。句意:只有当你住在国外的时候你才会意识到英语的重要性。“only+状语从句”位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装结构;结合时间状语从句的时态可以看出,主句应用现在时态,故本题填can you realize。
10.(2014?合肥高三质量检测)—________ you got Wang Feng's autograph photo? —Didn't you know I went to his live concert? See? Easy!(How it was, How was it that) 答案:How was it that 解析:考查强调句型的特殊疑问句。句意:“你怎么会有汪峰亲笔签名的照片?”“难道你不知道我去他的现场演唱会了吗?看到了吗?很简单!”根据答句可知,此处解释了答话人是如何拥有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的,故特殊疑问词用How。再由强调句型的特殊疑问句形式“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他”可知应填How was it that。
11.—Amazingly, Zhuo Jun got first place for the “China's Got Talent”(中国达人秀) last night.
—So wonderfully ________ in the show that he deserved it. (did he perform /he performed )
解析:did he perform 考查倒装。so位于句首时句子要部分倒装,由于对话双方都是在谈论过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,将助动词did提前。
12.She realized that it was not the words but the way she spoke to Bruce ________ hurt him. 解析that.考查强调句型。句意:她意识到不是她说的话,而是她对Bruce说话的方式伤害了他。分析句子成分可知,谓语动词realized后为that引导的宾语从句,而宾语从句为强调句结构:it was ... that ...被强调的部分由not ... but ...连接。
13.—Jeremy rather than his friends ________ (blame)for the accident. —Absolutely. He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.
解析:is to blame. 考查主谓一致。句意:“是杰里米而不是他的朋友们应对这次事故负责。”“绝对地。他本不该酒后驾车。”be to blame for ...为固定短语,意为“对??负责”。
14.In view of the global financial crisis, every possible means ________ (try)to stimulate the economic development in China.
解析:has been tried 考查主谓一致和语态。句意:由于全球金融危机,中国已经采取每一种可能的方法来刺激经济的发展。every possible means作主语,此处means是单数可数名词,故谓语用单数,再由句意知需用被动语态。
15.It was President Xi Jinping ________ visited the navy troops and urged to strengthen naval force on April 9,2013.
解析:that. 考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,此处是强调句结构“It was ... that ...”,对句子的主语进行强调。
16.Kate had a terrible time this summer. Not a day ________(spend) without having some .unpleasantness with her sister at home.
解析:did she spend. 考查倒装和时态。句意:Kate今年暑假过得很糟,没有一天不和妹妹在家闹别扭。否定词not位于句首,应使用倒装语序。根据“Kate had a terrible time this summer.”可知,此处表示过去的情况,用一般过去时。
17.The Chinese government promised that under no circumstances ________(stop) the efforts to provide universal and low-cost health care.
解析:would it stop. 考查倒装。句意:中国政府承诺决不会停止在提供普遍和低成本的医疗保健方面的努力。under no circumstances意为“决不”,位于句首时,句子要采用部分倒装。
18.When the millionaire was young, he was very poor. Only by doing part-time jobs during the summer holiday ________ afford to pay his college fees.
(he could /could he)
解析:could he. 考查倒装和时态。句意:当这位百万富翁年轻的时候,他非常穷。只有在暑假做兼职工作他才能付得起大学的学费。“only+状语”置于句首时,句子应用部分倒装,此处说的是过去的事情。
19.—How unhappy your roommate looks!
—Yes, but he's not willing to tell me what it is ________ is troubling him.
解析:that. 考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,此处为特殊疑问句的强调句式,其结构为“特殊疑问词+is+it+that+从句”,又因强调句在句中作tell的宾语,应用陈述句语序。
20.The smoggy weather has made us realize ________ terrible problems we are faced with. 解析:what. 考查感叹句。句意:雾霾天气让我们认识到我们面临的是多么严重的问题。terrible修饰句子的中心词problems,故用what。
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