专题一 阅读理解
第一节 六大解题技巧
一、关键信息定位法
(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. 21．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3. C．At the Laser Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance. 答案 B
解析 细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“souvenir” 可将答案锁定在Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store这一部分；再根据本段中的“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上，故选B。
点津 解答这类题时，一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如该句中出现了but，however，yet，while等表转折的词语及in addition，furthermore，besides，moreover，what’s more，most of all，most importantly，especially等表递进的词语，后面往往为关键信息，是正确答案。但要与选项进行比较，最终确定答案。
该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于细节理解题。
(2016·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
Rosa Parks(1913—2005)
On December 1,1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks. 23．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U．S.? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O’Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“civil-rights”可将答案锁定在Rosa Parks这一部分，再根据本段中的“But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott...and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks推动了美国民权运动，故D项正确。 二、关键词法
(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段) Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. 22．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A．Train science teachers. B．Distribute science books. C．Inspire scientific research. D．Take science to the classroom. 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由标题及该段第二句“Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。
点津 半数以上的文章会在文章的第一段或最后一段直接给出主题关键词，且常是首句；还
有部分文章在第一段或最后一段间接给出主题关键词，正确答案与主题关键词有高度的重合性：形似、意似。
(2016·全国Ⅰ，D片段)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第一段第一句及下文给出的沉默在不同文化中代表不同含义的例子可知，作者认为不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，即它与特定的文化有关。此处的关键词应是“cultural”。因此答案为C。 三、题段一致法
(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)
It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 23．What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A．To encourage donations. B．To advertise coming events. C．To introduce special exhibits. D．To tell about the Center’s history. 答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据该部分中的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。故选A。
点津 按照文章的发展顺序设置题目，是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单，最容易操作，因此为命题者所偏爱。学生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答，没有必要百
分之百读懂整篇文章，没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍，按照这一定律，边看题干，边看原文，从而快速解题。
(2016·四川，B片段)
Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.
27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”可知最穷的人的生活将会变得更好。故选A。 四、释义法
(2017·全国Ⅰ，D片段)
To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. C．The hole. 答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高the water catcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。
点津 词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下：根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据同义关系进行猜测；根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测；根据因果关系进行猜测；根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。
B．The still. D．The cup.
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