12 INCORRECT The issue of whether hypnosis represents a state of consciousness A) is an \ B) is still a controversial topic. C) is not really a psychological question. D) has been settled.
Feedback: The correct answer is b. This issue has long been a source of controversy among psychologists.
13 CORRECT The category of narcotics includes which of the following drugs? A) cocaine B) LSD C) barbiturates D) morphine Feedback: D
14 INCORRECT Which of the following statements about alcohol is true? A) Alcohol produces a \ B) Like amphetamines, alcohol is a strong stimulant. C) Alcohol causes neurons to fire more slowly. D) Alcohol is categorized as a narcotic.
Feedback: The correct answer is c. Binge drinking among college students is a disturbing trend.
15 INCORRECT Which of the following drugs produce vivid hallucinations? A) \ B) barbiturates C) heroin D) amphetamines
Feedback: The correct answer is a. Ecstasy is categorized as a hallucinogen.
Chapter 6
1 INCORRECT ______________ memory is a type of sensory memory which stores information coming from the ears.
A) Iconic B) Implicit C) Echoic D) Semantic
Feedback: The correct answer is c. There are corresponding memories for each of the other senses.
2 CORRECT When the information is considered and organized in a particular fashion, it is called ______________ rehearsal.
A) elaborative B) repetitive C) constructive D) schematic
Feedback: The correct answer is a. Mnemonics is an example of elaborative rehearsal and can vastly improve retention of material.
3 INCORRECT In a multiple-choice test, students are asked to ______________ the correct information.
A) associate B) recognize C) prime D) recall
Feedback: The correct answer is b. Recognition occurs when people are presented with a stimulus and asked to identify it from a list of alternatives.
4 INCORRECT A memory of a(n) ______________ would be a likely subject for a flashbulb memory.
A) routine visit to the doctor B) typical day at school C) uneventful day at work D) car accident
Feedback: The correct answer is d. Flashbulb memories are memories of a specific, important, or surprising event that are so vivid they are like a snapshot of the event. 5 INCORRECT Autobiographical memories encompass our A) semantic memories. B) procedural memories. C) episodic memories. D) implicit memories.
Feedback: The correct answer is c. These memories are our recollections of circumstances and episodes from our own lives. 6 CORRECT A memory trace is
A) a physical change in the brain. B) a permanent change in neural pathways. C) immune to changes due to the passage of time. D) exclusive to short-term memory. Feedback: The correct answer is a. In decay, the memory trace simply fades away with nothing left behind because of the mere passage of time. 7 INCORRECT Alzheimer's disease
A) does not seem to be inherited. B) is more commonly known as amnesia.
C) first attacks long-term memory. D) may result from a defect in the production of the protein beta amyloid.
Feedback: The correct answer is d. Beta amyloid is necessary for the maintenance of nerve cell connections. 8 CORRECT Encoding
A) is the process by which information is initially recorded in memory. B) is the storage of material in memory.
C) occurs after the storage of material in memory. D) is a form of forgetting.
Feedback: The correct answer is a. You can think of encoding as analogous to the function of a computer's keyboard.
9 INCORRECT The levels-of-processing theory suggests that signals processed on shallow levels will be remembered ______________ signals processed on deep levels. A) to the same extent as B) better than
C) to a lesser degree than D) less consciously than
Feedback: The correct answer is c. The levels-of-processing theory emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed.
10 INCORRECT When writing an essay about Abraham Lincoln, Tara remembered the opening line of the Gettysburg address and his hometown of Springfield. What memory model explains this phenomena?
A) tip-of-the-tongue B) schemas C) episode D) associative
Feedback: The correct answer is d. According to associative models, when we think about a particular concept, our semantic memory activates the recall of related concepts. 11 CORRECT The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is a common disorder of long-term memory
A) retrieval. B) storage. C) encoding. D) recognition.
Feedback: The correct answer is a. This is an inability to retrieve information that one realizes one knows.
12 INCORRECT Research on eyewitness court testimony shows that eyewitnesses A) distort what they recall so that they can appear later on talk shows. B) are misled by the phrasing of a lawyer's questions. C) are extremely accurate in recalling what they saw.
D) recall accurately, but only if they are well paid for testifying.
Feedback: The correct answer is b. Specific wording of questions can affect the way in which witnesses recall information.
13 INCORRECT When musicians learn that the spaces on the music staff spell the word \
A) tip-of-the-tongue. B) priming. C) repetitive rehearsal. D) mnemonics. Feedback: The correct answer is d. Mnemonics are formal techniques for organizing material in a way that makes it more likely to be remembered.
14 CORRECT A professor forgets the names of students who took her class two semesters ago because she learned the names of all the students this semester. This is an example of the memory problem called
A) retroactive interference. B) proactive interference. C) decay. D) Alzheimer's disease.
Feedback: The correct answer is a. In retroactive interference, information learned later interferes with recall of old material.
15 CORRECT After having an accident, a patient cannot remember his wedding day, which took place two years before. This is a symptom of A) retrograde amnesia. B) anterograde amnesia. C) Korsakoff's syndrome. D) proactive amnesia.
Feedback: The correct answer is a. Retrograde amnesia is a memory loss for occurrences prior to a certain event, in this case an accident.
Chapter8
1 CORRECT ______________ approaches to motivation suggest that motivation is a product of people's thoughts, expectations, and goals. A) Cognitive B) Arousal C) Incentive D) Instinct
Feedback: The correct answer is a. This theory suggests that we are more apt to persevere and produce work of higher quality when motivation for a task is intrinsic rather than extrinsic.
2 INCORRECT Self-actualization is associated with which of the following psychologists? A) Hull B) Cannon C) Freud D) Maslow
Feedback: The correct answer is d. Maslow's model highlights the complexity of human needs and that biological needs must be met before people become concerned with higher-order needs.
3 INCORRECT Which of the following is a social factor in eating?
A) The amount of food we place on our plates varies with the amount of exercise that has been done.
B) People eat at approximately the same times every day, regardless of their hunger cues. C) When we feel hungry, we search for food. D) When glucose levels are low, we get hungry.
Feedback: The correct answer is b. Clearly, internal biological factors do not provide the full explanation for our eating behavior.
4 INCORRECT A tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others reflects a need for
A) arousal. B) achievement. C) power. D) affiliation.
Feedback: The correct answer is c. The need to be seen as a powerful individual is an additional type of motivation.
5 CORRECT A(n) ______________ is a motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior in order to fulfill some need.
A) drive B) homeostatic point C) incentive D) instinct
Feedback: The correct answer is a. There are two types of drive: primary drives, which are biological, and secondary drives, which derive from an individual's social context.
6 INCORRECT Juan's mother gives him one dollar for every \very hard in school. What motivational theory explains this? A) instinct B) drive-reduction C) incentive D) arousal
Feedback: The correct answer is c. This theory suggests that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals.
7 INCORRECT Intrinsic motivation causes us to participate in an activity for A) a tangible reward. B) our own enjoyment. C) the need for power. D) biological satisfaction.
Feedback: The correct answer is b. Intrinsic motivation causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment, rather than for any concrete, tangible reward that it will bring us. 8 CORRECT People whose body weight is more than 20 percent above the average weight for a person of their height
A) may have a high settling point. B) probably have a high rate of metabolism. C) probably have a low weight set point. D) may be anorexic.
Feedback: The correct answer is a. The settling point is determined by a combination of our genetic heritage and our environment.
9 INCORRECT The drive-reduction approach to motivation identifies hunger as the drive that relates to the need for
A) chewing and swallowing responses. B) anticipation of eating pleasure.
C) food. D) reinforcement of eating behavior.
Feedback: The correct answer is c. This approach suggests that when people lack some basic biological requirement, a drive to obtain that requirement is produced.
10 CORRECT Obesity can be caused in lab rats or other animals by damaging the A) hypothalamus. B) medulla. C) thalamus. D) cerebellum.
Feedback: The correct answer is a. Evidence suggests that the hypothalamus is the organ primarily responsible for monitoring food intake.
11 INCORRECT If you are badly frightened, you are likely to attempt an escape. This illustrates emotionality's function of A) labeling one's feelings.
B) shaping behaviors for the mid- to long-term future. C) regulating social interactions. D) preparing one for immediate action.
Feedback: The correct answer is d. Emotions act as a link between events in our environment and our responses.
12 INCORRECT The American Psychological Association has adopted a resolution stating that evidence for the effectiveness of polygraphs is A) not a psychological question.
B) satisfactory. C) still unsatisfactory. D) excellent.
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