2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
专题十五 S字部(二)
1. shout
v.&n.喊,高声呼叫
动词用法:表示“大声说,喊叫,呼喊”,shout at sb.对某人怒吼(带有愤怒感情色彩);shout to sb.对某人大喊大叫(仅描述大声叫喊这一动作,不带感情色彩);试比较:
I can hear you clearly. There is no need for you to shout to me.我听得很清楚,你不必大声叫喊。 He ran up to the driver and began to shout at him.他跑到司机那儿,冲他大叫大嚷起来。
名词用法:表示“(生气、疼痛、兴奋等的)喊叫(声),呼叫(声)”,可以和介词of连用。例如: Tom gave a shout of laughter when he saw them. 汤姆看见他们,发出一声大笑。
(2019,山东卷,短文填空)
\shouted, \ 47 (terrible) gift! Give me back my little gal!\2. show
n.表演;展示;展览(会);显示;v.给……看;出示;显示
词形变化:过去式showed,过去分词shown/showed
名词词组:on show在展出;talk show脱口秀;talent show才艺表演会;TV show电视节目
动词词组:show up露面;show off炫耀;show oneself露面;show sb. around (sth.)带某人参观/四处看看 名词用法:
1表示“娱乐表演,演出”,或“(电视、广播的)节目”。例如:put on a show上演节目 ○
2表示“展览(会)”:an agricultural show 农业展览会 ○
动词用法:
1表示“给……看,出示”,及物动词,show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.。例如: ○
The children proudly showed me their gifts (=showed their gifts to me). 孩子们自豪地给我看他们的礼物。 2表示“指出,指给某人看”,可用于show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句。例如: ○
Show me which picture you drew. 指给我看哪张画是你画的。
3表示“(提供事实,信息)表明,证明”,及物动词,可直接跟宾语,可跟双宾语,可接从句。例如: ○
Numbers showed a 9% increase in the price. 数据显示价格上升了9%。
Research has shown us that people want not just low prices. 研究告诉我们,人们需要的不仅仅是低价格。
4表示“(通过示范)教,演示;解说”,可用show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.或show sb. wh-从句结构。例如:○ Can you show me how to do it? 你能教我怎么做吗?
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous. A. although B. because C. if
(2019,山东卷,阅读A)Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing. 3. shut
v.关上;封闭
词形变化:过去式shut,过去分词shut
关联词组:shut down停工,关闭;shut up住口;shut off切断,关掉;shut out关在外面 用法:
1表示“(使)关上,(使)关闭”,可及物可不及物,常见于shut (sth.) behind sb.结构。例如: ○
She walked quickly in and shut the door behind her. 她快步走进来,随手关上身后的门。 2表示“(使)关门,停止营业”,可指暂时性或永久地关门。例如: ○
The post office shuts at 5 o’clock. 邮局五点钟关门。
He lost his job when they shut the factory. 他们把工厂关闭后,他失去了工作。 近义词:close v.关闭
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)Most likely these plants shut their flowers because there is too little light. 4. sick
adj.有病的,患病的;(想)呕吐的
关联词组:get sick生病了;sick leave病假;sick pay病假工资;be sick of对……感到厌恶 用法:
1表示“生病的,患病的”,可做表语,可做定语;sick with得了……病。例如: ○
a sick child 生病的孩子;a sick animal 患病的动物 I have been sick with flu. 我感冒了。
He saved the child from fire. 他把那个小孩从火里救了出来。
2be sick或feel sick表示“想呕吐”,“反胃,恶心,作呕”。例如: ○
As soon as the ship started moving I began to feel sick. 轮船一开动,我就感到恶心了。 词性转换:sickness n.疾病;呕吐 同义词:ill adj.生病的
(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. 5. sight
n.情景;风景;视力
关联词组:at first sight咋一看,初看之下;out of sight看不见,在视野之外;lose one’s sight失明;at the sight
of一看见……就;catch sight of看到,瞥见
用法:
1表示“视力,视觉”,例如: ○
Anne’s sight is very good for someone of her age. 安妮的视力对于她这个年龄的人来说算是非常好的。 2表示“看到,看见”,指看见的动作,多以单数形式出现,常与of连用。例如: ○
Just the sight of him made her body shake. 一看到他,她就身体颤抖。 3表示“景物,景象;名胜,景点”,指所见之物。例如: ○
As he reached the front door, he saw a strange sight. 他走到前门,看到了一个奇怪的景象。 词性转换:sighted adj.有视力的;sightless adj.盲的,看不见的 关联单词:sightseeing n.观光,游览:go sightseeing去观光
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
Instead of resting her ___3___ until it got better, Mrs. Chaplin kept on singing. 3. A. sight B. voice C. smell D. hearing
6. silent
adj.无声的;沉默的
用法:
1指不说话,可以表示“沉默的,不语的”;remain/stay/keep silent保持沉默;也可以形容“沉默寡言的”○
性格类型。例如:
He's the silent type. 他是那种沉默寡言的人。 2表示“寂静的,无声的”。例如: ○
The large house was old and silent.这幢大房子既老旧又寂静。 词性转换:silence n.安静;沉默;silently adv.安静地 同义词:quiet adj.安静地
(2019,浙江卷,完形)I listened silently. \7. similar
adj.相似的,近似的,类似的;像
用法:be similar to=be like与……相似;be similar in在……方面相似。例如: Her ideas are quite similar to mine. 她的观点和我的很相似。
The two cars are very similar in size and color. 这两辆汽车大小和颜色都非常相似。
近义词:alike adj.很相似的,相像的:尤指外表或者行为上面特别像;look alike看起来像。例如: She and her sister look alike. 她和她妹妹长得很像。 反义词:different adj.不同的
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)Trampolining has benefits similar to those of running, but without too much stress on knees and ankles. 8. simple
adj.简单的,简易的
用法:
1表示“简单的,简易的;容易的”,与困难、复杂相对;simple to use/make/operate使用/制作/操作起来简○
单。例如:
Modern cameras are very simple to use. 现代照相机用起来非常简单。
2表示“简朴的,朴素的”。例如:simple but delicious food 简单美味的食物 ○
词性转换:simply adj.简单地;简直;朴素地;simplicity n.简单;朴素;天真 近义词:easy adj.简单的,容易的;plain adj.家常的,普通的 反义词:difficult adj.困难的
(2019,江苏卷,完形)The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $ 2 million every year. 9. single
adj.单一的,单个的;单身的
关联词组:single room单人房;single bed单人床 用法:
1表示“仅有一个的,单一的,单个的”,仅用于名词前。例如: ○
I couldn't understand a single word she said! 她讲的东西我一个字都听不懂! 2表示“未婚的,单身的”。例如:Are you still single? 你还是单身吗? ○
反义词:married adj.已婚的
(2019,安徽卷,单项填空)
7.—Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you?
—Yes, I'd like to _____ a single room for two nights. A. enter B. move C. book D. provide 10. situation
n.形式,情况,状况,局面
关联词组:present situation现状;general situation概况;economic situation经济形势,经济状况;international situation国际形势;political situation政治局势 用法:in a… situation处于……局面/情况。例如:
We have all been in similar situations. 我们都遇到过类似的局面。
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
___2___, their economic(经济的) situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894. 2. A. Although B. So C. However D. Besides 11. skill
n.技能,技巧
关联词组:communication skill沟通技巧;writing skill书写技能;social skill社交能力
用法:尤指通过学习和实践获得的技艺,相当于ability;skill in/at (doing sht.)表示某方面的技能。例如; His skill at dealing with people got him a nice job.因为擅长与人打交道,他得到了一份好工作。
词性转换:skilled adj.熟练的;有技能的;skillful(ly) adj.熟练的,巧妙的;skillfulness n.灵巧,有技巧
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _________helps with students' health, _________improves their social skills. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also 12. slow
adj.&adv.慢慢的(地),缓慢的(地);v.(使)慢下来,使(减速)
1作形容词,表示“(缓)慢的;耗时的”,指速度不快,或进展不快。例如: ○
The car was travelling at a very slow speed. 汽车正以非常慢的速度行驶。 2slow本身可作副词,和slowly区别如下: ○
一般slowly视为slow的常用副词;有时,slow作为非正式用语或在路标等中也用作副词,亦可用以构成复合词;slow通常用于比较级和最高级;比较级时slower和more slowly均可。例如: slow-moving traffic 缓慢行进的车辆
Can you speak slower/more slowly? 你说慢点行吗?
3作动词,可及物,可不及物;通常用于slow (sth.) down(使)慢下来,(使)减速。例如: ○
Growth in sales has slowed down. 销售的增长放慢了。
The ice on the road slowed us down.由于路面结冰,我们放慢了速度。 反义词:quick/fast adj.快的
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. 13. smart
n.聪明的,机灵的;智能的;时髦的
g
用法:
1表示“聪颖的,明智的”,例如: ○
I was smart enough to wait for a week. 我很明智,等了一个星期。
2表示“智能的”,指机器、材料、技术等。例如:smart phone智能电话 ○
He felt an extreme sense of loss. 他感到及其失落。
3用来形容人“衣着讲究、光鲜的”,或表示“时髦的”。例如: ○
You look very smart in that suit. 你穿上这套衣服显得很精神。
词性转换:smartly adv.漂亮地;潇洒地;smartness n.机灵,敏捷 同义词:clever adj.聪明的
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. 14. smell
v.嗅;闻到;发气味;n.气味
词形变化:过去smelled或smelt,过去分词smelled或smelt 动词用法:
1作连系动词,表示“有某种气味,闻起来像”,smell+形容词或smell like闻起来像。例如: ○
The stew smelled delicious. 这炖菜闻起来真香。
What does the flower smell like? 这种花闻起来什么味道? 2表示“闻,嗅”,指把鼻子靠近某物这一动作。例如: ○
Smell this and tell me what you think it is. 你闻一下这个,然后告诉我是什么。
3表示“闻到,嗅到(某种东西的气味)”,常与can/could连用,后面跟名词。例如: ○
I can smell coffee. 我闻到了咖啡的味道。 名词用法:
1表示“气味”,可数名词,其后常接of。例如: ○
The air was filled with the smell of flowers. 空气中弥漫着花香。 2表示“嗅觉”,不可数名词。常见于短语:sense of smell嗅觉 ○
3表示“闻,嗅”,指这一动作,一般用单数。例如: ○
Have a smell of this cheese; does it seem all right? 闻一闻这块干酪,没变味吧? 词性转换:smelly adj.有臭味的,发臭的
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. 15. smooth
adj.光滑的,平坦的;顺利的
用法:
1形容表面,“平滑的,光滑的”,相当于flat。例如: ○
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