8A语法 Unit 1 Friends
形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则 1.规则变化:
(1)一般形容词 +er +est (shorter, smaller, smallest ) (2)以 e 结尾的形容词 +r +st (nicer, larger, largest)
(3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词 变 y 为 i 再 +er, est (busier, busiest; heavier, heaviest) (4)以重读闭音节结尾的形容词 双写辅音字母+er, est 熟记：大（big)热（hot）天,一个穿红 （red）衣浑身湿（wet）透的伤感（sad）胖（fat） 子想要变得又瘦（thin）又苗条（slim） 2.不规则变化
(1)good(well)-better-best (2) many(much)-more-most (3)ill(bad, badly)-worse-worst
(4) far-farther (further)-farthest (furthest) (5) little-less-least (6) few-fewer-fewest
3.多音节的形容词比较级和最高级在词前加 more , most
delicious-more delicious-the most delicious popular-more popular-the most popular 注意: 1 形容词的最高级前必须有 the, 而副词的最高级前 the 可省略
2.比较级前常用 a bit, a little, much, a lot, even, far 等词表示程度.
3.形容词比较级用来比较两者(人或事)句中常有 than; 形容词最高级用来比 较三者或三者以上(人或事), 句中常有 in 或 of 短语表示比较范围.
4. as+adj.+as (和------一样------) / not as/so +adj.+ as (不如------，不及------)
Unit 2 School life 一、比较事物的数量
1.many (修饰可数名词）／much (修饰不可数名词）----more ----most more + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + than ……比……数量多
e.g. I have more friends than you. 2.few (修饰可数名词) ----fewer----fewest little (修饰不可数名词）----less----least
fewer +可数名词复数+ than ……比……数量少 e.g. There are fewer boys than girls in our class. less + 不可数名词+than ……比……数量少 e.g. I spend less money on food than my sister.
3.the fewest +可数名词复数 在……中最少 He has the fewest books. 4.the least +不可数名词 在……中最少 She has the least money of us. 5.the most + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 最多 Daniel has the most money. 二、副词的比较级和最高级（构成方法及用法与形容词基本相同） 1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，
hard-harder-hardest fast-faster-fastest loud-louder-loudest
2、部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高 级，例如:
slowly-more slowly-most slowly clearly-more clearly-most clearly carefully-more carefully-most carefully 3、副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 well-better-best badly-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
Unit 3 A day out 一、 as…as的用法
表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词/副词原级。
(1)肯定句中的结构：“A…+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”， 和某人或某物一样...的 如：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。
Dan studies as hard as his brother. Dan和他的哥哥学习一样刻苦。
(2)否定句中的结构：“A…+not as /so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”， 表示”A不如B…”
如：This book isn't as/so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。
Jim doesn't dance as/so well as Daniel. 吉姆没有丹尼尔跳舞跳得好。 (3) not as/so ...as 是同级比较，可以和比较级互相转换
例如： Nanjing is not as/so big as Shanghai. = Nanjing is smaller than Shanghai. = Shanghai is bigger than Nanjing.
Diving isn’t as interesting as swimming.
= Diving is less interesting than swimming. = Swimming is more interesting than diving. (4)只有同类的事物才能比较 His house is as big as me.(×) His house is as big as mine.(√)
(5)表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。 （一倍：once;二倍：twice; 三倍以上：数字+times）
如：Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 The table is twice as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 二、反身代词的用法 1.单 数 复数 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself themselves herself itself
2.常和反身代词连用的动词短语。
enjoy oneself 过得开心，玩得愉快 look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己 hurt oneself 伤到某人自己 help oneself to …请随便吃…
wash oneself 洗澡 make …by oneself 自己做 , 独立完成 dress oneself穿衣 buy …for oneself / buy oneself sth给自己买东西 look at oneself in the mirror照镜子 say to oneself 自言自语 [来源:学科网]
teach oneself= learn …by oneself 自学 hide oneself隐藏某人自己
come to oneself苏醒 make yourself at home 别拘束 leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下 lose oneself 迷失方向，迷路 (1)for oneself （用作副词） 1) 为了自己，例如：
She kept the biggest piece of pie for herself. 她把最大的一块馅饼给了自己。
2) 亲自，独自，独立（做……），相当于 without being helped，与by oneself 同义。例如： You should work out the problem for yourself. 你应该独立解决这个问题。 (2)by oneself （用作副词） 1) 独自一人(= alone),例如：
She used to sit by herself and read. 她从前常常独自坐着看书。 2) 独立地，单独地=without help，与for oneself 同义。如： He finished it by himself. 他独立完成那件事。
注意：反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。 反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。 Unit 4 Do it yourself 一、祈使句的用法
1.定义：祈使句表示命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形，其否定形式就是在句首加Don't。 2.祈使句的类型：
(1)行为动词类型：Open the door，please!请把门打开！
Don't open the door，please!请不要开门！
(2)以let开头的祈使句：Let me go there.让我去那儿吧。 (3)“Be+形容词”类型：Be careful! 小心！
(4)“No+名词／动名词”类型：No smoking! 禁止吸烟! (5)祈使句的反义疑问句的简略疑问句，一般用will you? 但是Let’s….句型后加shall we? 二、用should，had better等提建议。 (1) Would you like／love(to do) sth.?
这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型，并带有与对方商量的意味， 意为“你想要（做）……吗？”。
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